皇后帝王花种子休眠及解除方法研究  

Causes of Protea magnifica Seed Dormancy and Methods for Breaking Dormancy

作　　者：武怀燕 郭志铭 山金凤 陈婕[1,2] 吴向崇 刘子嘉 祝遵凌 WU Huaiyan;GUO Zhiming;SHAN Jinfeng;CHEN Jie;WU Xiangchong;LIU Zijia;ZHU Zunling(Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China,Nanjing Forestry University,Nanjing,Jiangsu 210037,China;College of Landscape Architecture,Nanjing Forestry University,Nanjing,Jiangsu 210037,China;Sanya Daxing New Landscape Ecological Co.Ltd,Sanya,Hainan 572022,China;College of Arts&Design,Nanjing Forestry University,Nanjing,Jiangsu 210037,China)

机构地区：[1]南京林业大学南方现代林业协同创新中心,江苏南京210037 [2]南京林业大学风景园林学院,江苏南京210037 [3]三亚新大兴园林生态有限公司,海南三亚572022 [4]南京林业大学艺术设计学院,江苏南京210037

出　　处：《热带作物学报》2021年第9期2631-2637,共7页Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops

基　　金：2018年三亚市农业科技创新项目(No.2018NK07);国家自然科学基金项目(No.31770752);江苏省科技支撑计划项目(No.BM2013478)。

摘　　要：皇后帝王花(Protea magnifica)种子具有休眠性,不经任何处理难以发芽。本研究以皇后帝王花种子为试验材料,通过测定皇后帝王花种子生活力、种子萌发率、种子各部分粗提液对白菜种子发芽的影响,并以不同的方式(短时高温+变温层积、酸蚀处理+变温层积、赤霉素处理+变温层积)处理种子,研究皇后帝王花种子的休眠原因及解除方法。结果表明:试验所用皇后帝王花种子的生活力高达90.00%,但不去除种皮的完整种子30 d内不发芽。种皮粗提液不仅抑制白菜种子的发芽,还显著影响白菜种子的根与地上部分的生长。皇后帝王花种子的休眠可能是种皮的机械障碍和种皮的内源抑制物共同引起的综合休眠。时长为2 min的不同高温(40~120℃)处理+变温层积、不同时间(10~70 min)的98%浓硫酸酸蚀处理+变温层积、不同浓度(0.3、0.5、0.7 mg/L)的赤霉素溶液处理+变温层积都可以打破种子的休眠,提高皇后帝王花种子发芽率和发芽势。其中各处理分别以60℃的短时高温处理、30 min的酸蚀处理、0.7 mg/L的赤霉素溶液处理效果最好。综合比较,30 min的酸蚀处理为解除皇后帝王花种子休眠的最佳方法。此外,赤霉素处理对皇后帝王花种子的休眠解除有着一定的促进作用,但相比其他两种处理方式效果并不理想。The seeds of Protea magnifica have dormancy and it is difficult to germinate without any treatment.P.magnatica seeds were used as the experimental materials.The viability,germination rate and the effects of crude extracts from different parts of seeds on the germination of Chinese cabbage were measured,and seeds were treated with different methods(short-term high temperature+variable temperature stratification,acid etching+variable temperature stratification,gibberellin treatment+variable temperature stratification)to research the dormancy reason and release method of P.magnatica seeds.The results showed that:the viability of P.magnatica seeds was as high as 90.00%,the intact seeds without removing seed coat would not germinate within 30 days.The crude extract of seed coat not only inhibited the germination of Chinese cabbage seeds,but also significantly affected the growth of its roots and aboveground parts.The seed dormancy of P.magnatica may be a combinational dormancy caused by the mechanical barrier of seed coat and the endogenous inhibitor of seed coat.Different high temperature(40-120℃)treatment for 2 min+variable temperature stratification,different time(10-70 min)of 98%concentrated sulfuric acid etching+variable temperature stratification and different concentrations(0.3,0.5,0.7 mg/L)of gibberellin solution+variable temperature stratification could break the dormancy of the seeds,and improve the germination rate and germination potential of P.magnatica seeds.Among them,short-time high temperature treatment at 60℃,acid etching treatment for 30 min,and 0.7 mg/L gibberellin solution treatment were the best.Comprehensive comparison,acid etching for 30 minutes was the best way to release the seed dormancy.In addition,gibberellin treatment had a certain promoting effect on the dormancy release of P.magnatica seeds,but the effect was not ideal compared with the other two treatments.

关 键 词：皇后帝王花 种子休眠 破除休眠 变温层积 

分 类 号：S682.39[农业科学—观赏园艺]