基于暴雨洪水管理模型的雨水工程环境效益评估方法研究  

Environmental benefit assessment method for rainwater treatment projects based on SWMM

作　　者：凌文翠 范玉梅 孙长虹 刘桂中 LING Wencui;FAN Yumei;SUN Changhong;LIU Guizhong(National Engineering Research Center of Urban Environmental Pollution Control,Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Eco-Environmental Protection,Beijing 100037)

机构地区：[1]北京市生态环境保护科学研究院,国家城市环境污染控制工程技术研究中心,北京100037

出　　处：《环境污染与防治》2021年第10期1304-1308,1315,共6页Environmental Pollution & Control

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(No.2016YFC0503601);北京市科技计划课题(No.Z161100004516015);北京市环境保护科学研究院基金资助项目(No.2017B05)。

摘　　要：以COD为例,利用暴雨洪水管理模型预测了北京市农村居民区雨水径流污染物排放负荷,研究了降雨强度和不同季节对雨水污染物排放的影响。结果表明,降雨强度越大,COD浓度峰值出现越早,排放负荷越大。在前期干旱日为30 d、降雨历时为120 min时,降雨重现期由0.5 a增加至5.0 a,COD排放负荷增加了29.5%。分别采用前期干旱日2 d、降雨重现期5.0 a和前期干旱日30 d、降雨重现期0.5 a两种情景代表典型的夏季、春秋季降雨进行预测发现,春秋季降雨的COD浓度峰值和排放负荷均远大于夏季。COD浓度峰值夏季为44 mg/L,而春秋季则达到了183 mg/L;降雨历时120 min时,春秋季降雨COD排放负荷为42.7 kg,是夏季的1.9倍。以人工湿地为例,考虑生活污水排放和流域水质控制目标,建立了雨污合流制下的雨水工程环境效益评估方法,并预测了人工湿地对雨污合流污染物的削减效果。研究证明,相比夏季,人工湿地在春秋季可以发挥更大的环境效益。人工湿地联合调蓄池,在典型的春秋季降雨中的COD削减量为18.4 kg,而夏季仅为3.6 kg。建议北京地区居民区雨水工程根据不同季节采用更适宜的运行方式,提高雨水工程的处理效率和环境效益。Taking COD as an example,the rainwater pollutant emission load of rural residential area in Beijing was predicted by SWMM,and the influence of rainfall intensity and season on rainwater pollutant emission was studied.The results showed that with the greater rainfall intensity,the COD peak concentration would appear earlier and the emission load was greater.When the rainfall repetition period increased from 0.5 a to 5.0 a at the antecedent dry days of 30 d and rainfall duration of 120 min,the COD emission load increased by 29.5%.Two scenarios,namely the antecedent dry days of 2 d,rainfall repetition period of 5.0 a and the antecedent dry days of 30 d,rainfall repetition period of 0.5 a,were used to represent typical summer and spring-autumn rainfalls respectively,and the predictions were made.It was found that the COD peak concentration and emission load in spring-autumn were much greater than those in summer.The COD peak concentration in summer was 44 mg/L,while it reached 183 mg/L in spring-autumn.When the rainfall lasted for 120 min,the COD emission load of spring-autumn rainfall was 42.7 kg,which was 1.9 times that of summer rainfall.Taking the constructed wetland as an example and considering domestic sewage discharge and water quality target in the basin,an environmental benefit assessment method for rainwater treatment projects was established in the context of the rainwater and sewage combined pipeline,and the effect of constructed wetland on pollutant reduction was predicted.It was proved that the constructed wetland had better environmental benefit in spring-autumn than in summer.The constructed wetland combined with detention tank reduced the COD amount by 18.4 kg in spring-autumn rainfall,but only 3.6 kg in summer.It was recommended that a more suitable operation mode should be applied for the rainwater treatment projects in Beijing residential areas according to different seasons to improve the efficiency and environmental benefit of rainwater treatment projects.

关 键 词：雨水工程 暴雨洪水管理模型 雨水污染负荷预测 环境效益评估 

分 类 号：X52[环境科学与工程—环境工程] TU992[建筑科学—市政工程]