择伐留竹量和施肥量对巨龙竹发笋成竹、新竹直径及生物量的影响  

Effects of Cutting-remaining Bamboo Number and Fertilization Quantity on Shooting-growth,Young Bamboo Diameter and Stalk Biomass of Dendrocalamus sinicus

作　　者：郭强 刘蔚漪[2] 辉朝茂[2] 官凤英 邹学明 Guo Qiang;Liu Weiyi;Hui Chaomao;Guan Fengying;Zou Xueming(International Center for Bamboo and Rattan,Beijing 100102,P.R.China;Southwest Forestry University;Cangyuan Forestry and Grassland Administration)

机构地区：[1]国际竹藤中心竹藤资源与环境研究所,北京100102 [2]西南林业大学 [3]沧源县林业和草原局

出　　处：《东北林业大学学报》2021年第9期28-32,共5页Journal of Northeast Forestry University

基　　金：国际竹藤中心基本科研业务费项目(1632021003);“十三五”国家科技支撑项目(2018YFD0600103,2016YFD0600902);国家自然科学基金项目(No.31660173);“云南滇南竹林生态系统定位观测研究站”运行经费项目。

摘　　要：以滇西南巨龙竹为研究对象,设计择伐留竹量(7、15、25、35株/丛)和有机肥施用量(0、40、80、120 kg/丛)的2因素4水平正交试验,分析各处理对巨龙竹发笋成竹和新竹直径及生物量的影响。结果表明:择伐留竹量,显著影响巨龙竹发笋数、发笋率、成竹数、退笋数、新-母竹直径比率、竹丛新竹生物量增长率(P<0.05),对成竹率、退笋率、新竹直径、新竹平均生物量影响不显著;随着择伐留竹量增加,发笋数、成竹数、成竹率、竹丛新竹生物量增长率先提高后降低(转折点在25株/丛),发笋率逐渐降低,退笋数逐渐增加,退笋率先降低后提高(转折点在25株/丛),新竹直径、新-母竹直径比率、新竹平均生物量先提高后降低(转折点在15株/丛)。有机肥施用量,显著影响发笋数、发笋率、成竹数、新竹直径、新-母竹直径比率、新竹平均生物量增长率、竹丛新竹生物量增长率(P<0.05),对成竹率、退笋数、退笋率的影响不显著;随着施肥量增加,退笋率逐渐降低,其它生长指标均逐渐提高。择伐留竹量与有机肥施用量的交互作用,显著影响发笋数(P<0.05),对其它生长指标无显著影响。综合比较分析,竹丛择伐留竹25株/丛和施用有机肥120 kg/丛能有效促进巨龙竹发笋成竹,并提高其新竹质量和生物量增长率。A two-factor and four-level orthogonal experiment was designed to study effects of cutting-remaining bamboo number(Each cluster:7,15,25,35 stalks)and fertilization quantity(Each cluster:0,40,80,120 kg)on shooting-growth and young bamboo biomass of Dendrocalamus sinicus in Southwest Yunnan.The cutting-remaining bamboo number had a significant effect on shoot emergence number,shoot emergence ratio,grown bamboo number,degenerated shoot number,diameter ratio of young-old bamboo and growth ratio of young stalk biomass(p<0.05)with a non-significant effect on grown bamboo ratio,degenerated shoot ratio,young bamboo diameter and stalk biomass.Shoot emergence number,grown bamboo number,grown bamboo ratio and growth ratio of young stalk biomass increased firstly and then decreased(Turning point:25 stalk/cluster),shoot emergence ratio decreased,degenerated shoot number increased,degenerated shoot ratio decreased firstly and then increased(Turning point:25 stalk/cluster),young bamboo diameter,diameter ratio of young-old bamboo and young stalk biomass increased firstly and then decreased(Turning point:15 stalk/cluster)with the increase of cutting-remaining bamboo number.The organic fertilization quantity had a significant effect on shoot emergence number,shoot emergence ratio,grown bamboo number,young bamboo diameter,diameter ratio of young-old bamboo,young stalk biomass and growth ratio of young stalk biomass(p<0.05)with a non-significant effect on grown bamboo ratio,degenerated shoot number and degenerated shoot ratio.Degenerated shoot ratio decreased and other growth indices increased with the increase of fertilization quantity.Interaction between cutting-remaining bamboo number and organic fertilization quantity had a significant effect on shoot emergence number with a non-significant effect on other growth indices.Thus,cutting-remaining bamboo number kept 25 stalks and organic fertilization quantity kept 120 kg each bamboo cluster,which helped for shooting-growth and increased young bamboo biomass of D.sinicus.

关 键 词：巨龙竹 择伐留竹量 有机肥施用量 发笋成竹 新竹直径 新竹生物量 

分 类 号：S718.5[农业科学—林学] S758.5