松土及自然生草促进文冠果生长发育的生理机制  

Physiological Mechanism of Improving Effect of Soil-loosening and Self-sown Grass on the Growth of Xanthoceras sorbifolia

作　　者：芝祥红 李朝周[1] 王婷[2] 焦健[2] Zhi Xianghong;Li Chaozhou;Wang Ting;Jiao Jian(Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学生命科学技术学院,兰州730070 [2]甘肃农业大学,兰州730070

出　　处：《东北林业大学学报》2021年第9期33-39,89,共8页Journal of Northeast Forestry University

基　　金：甘肃农业大学科技创新基金-学科建设专项基金项目(GAU-XKJS-2018-115);国家自然科学基金项目(31660223)。

摘　　要：在文冠果田间设置松土、自然生草和清耕3种土壤管理模式,通过文冠果根际土壤理化性质、土壤肥力相关酶活性、土壤微生物数量、文冠果抗性生理、根系发育的比较,从文冠果根际土壤性质及根系生理的角度,探讨松土和自然生草促进文冠果生长发育的生理机制。结果表明:(1)相比于清耕,松土和自然生草处理增加了0~10 cm和10~20 cm两个土层文冠果根际土壤含水量、田间持水量以及碱解氮、速效磷、有机质质量分数,降低了文冠果根际土壤密度、pH值及电导率,提高了文冠果根际土壤肥力相关酶(碱性磷酸酶、脲酶、蔗糖酶及过氧化氢酶)活性,增加了根际土壤细菌、真菌、放线菌数量;可见松土和自然生草处理均在一定程度上改善了文冠果根际土壤质量。(2)松土和自然生草处理相比于清耕处理,增加了文冠果根系抗氧化酶(SOD、POD、CAT)活性,降低了根系MDA质量摩尔浓度及超氧阴离子产生速率,增加了渗透调节物质(脯氨酸、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白)质量分数,表明松土和自然生草处理能增强文冠果幼苗根系渗透调节能力,较为有效清除文冠果根系产生的活性氧,降低根系脂质过氧化,这对于文冠果适应干旱等环境逆境具有积极的作用。(3)松土及自然生草处理增加了文冠果总根长、根表面积、根体积、根平均直径及根尖数,提高了根系活力,促进了根系生长;松土及自然生草还显著提高了文冠果叶片含水量、叶绿素及类胡萝卜素质量分数;显著增加文冠果幼苗株高、茎粗、地上及地下部分生物量,促进了文冠果整个植株的生长发育,这也对应了松土和自然生草这两种处理改善土壤性质,进而提高土壤肥力的作用。(4)对比松土和自然生草这两种田间土壤管理措施,松土对文冠果根际土壤肥力的提高较为显著,而自然生草对土壤微生物数量和有机质质量分数的提高较为明�Soil management models of soil-loosening,self-sown grass and clean tillage were carried out in the field of Xanthoceras sorbifolia,and the physical and chemical properties,the enzyme activities related to soil fertility,the number of soil microorganisms of the rhizosphere soil,the root resistance physiology,the root growth of X.sorbifolia were compared,and from the perspective of rhizosphere soil properties and root physiology of X.sorbifolia,the improving physiological mechanism of soil-loosening and self-sown grass in the growth and development of X.sorbifolia were studied.The results showed that:(1)Compared with clean tillage,soil-loosening and self-sown grass increased the water content of the rhizosphere soil of X.sorbifolia in 0-10 and 10-20 cm soil layers,improved field capacity and the contents of alkali-decomposed nitrogen,available phosphorus and organic matter,reduced the bulk density,the pH value and salt content of the rhizosphere soil in some way,increased the activities of soil fertility related enzymes(alkaline phosphatase,urease,sucrase and catalase)in the rhizosphere soil,and increased the number of rhizosphere soil’s bacteria,fungi and actinomycetes;thus it could be concluded that soil-loosening and self-sown grass treatments improved the rhizosphere soil quality of X.sorbifolia in some way.(2)Compared with clean tillage,soil-loosening and self-sown grass treatments increased the root antioxidant enzymes activity of X.sorbifolia,reduced the root MDA content and superoxide anion production rate,increased the content of osmotic regulating substances(proline,soluble sugar and soluble protein),thus enhanced the root osmotic adjustment ability and antioxidant ability of X.sorbifolia root,which would have a positive effect on adapting to drought and other environmental adversities.(3)The soil-loosening and self-sown grass treatment increased the total root length,root surface area,root volume,root average diameter and root tips number of X.sorbifolia,improved root vitality and promoted root growth;

关 键 词：文冠果 松土 自然生草 根际微环境 生长发育 

分 类 号：S71[农业科学—林学] Q945[生物学—植物学]