聚磷酸铵-三聚氰胺-三嗪成炭剂协同阻燃改性环氧树脂及玻璃纤维增强树脂复合材料  

Flame retardant epoxy resins and glass fiber reinforced epoxy composites synergistically modified by ammonium polyphosphate,melamine and triazine carbon-forming agent

作　　者：李想[1] 陈润华 魏毅 蔡欢欢 刘万双 LI Xiang;CHEN Runhua;WEI Yi;CAI Huanhuan;LIU Wanshuang(Luoyang Ship Material Research Institute,Luoyang 471023,China;Center for Civil Aviation Composites,Donghua University,Shanghai 201620,China)

机构地区：[1]中国船舶重工集团公司第七二五研究所,洛阳471039 [2]东华大学民用航空复合材料协同创新中心,上海201620

出　　处：《复合材料学报》2021年第9期2796-2806,共11页Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica

基　　金：上海市自然科学基金(18ZR1400700)。

摘　　要：采用聚磷酸铵(APP)与不同比例三聚氰胺(MA)和三嗪成炭剂(CFA)复配对环氧树脂进行阻燃改性。系统研究了不同配比阻燃剂(总量保持40wt%)的加入对环氧树脂流变特性、固化行为、热机械性能、力学性能及阻燃性能的影响。将优化后的阻燃改性环氧树脂用于制备玻璃纤维增强环氧树脂复合材料(GFRC),对并其力学和阻燃性能进行了研究。结果表明,APP单独与MA或CFA复配改性环氧树脂并未表现出明显的协同阻燃效应,但它们组成的三元复配阻燃体系(30wt%APP-5wt%MA-5wt%CFA)具有良好的协同阻燃效应。相比未改性环氧树脂,APP-MA-CFA改性环氧树脂的极限氧指数(LOI)由18.0%提高到了50.2%,热释放峰值速率(PHRR)下降了84%,总热释放量(THR)下降了78%。树脂基体中加入阻燃剂后,GFRC的力学性能有所下降,尤其是层间剪切强度。同样地,基于APP-MA-CFA复配改性环氧树脂的GFRC表现出最佳阻燃性能,相比未改性的GFRC,其LOI值由22.8%提高到了66.0%,PHRR由354 kW/m^(2)下降到93 kW/m^(2),THR由49.3 MJ/m^(2)下降到22.8 MJ/m^(2)。Epoxy resins were modified by ammonium polyphosphate(APP)and its combination with different contents of melamine(MA)and triazine carbon-forming agent(CFA).The effects of flame retardants with different proportions(total content of 40 wt%)on the rheological,curing,thermomechanical,mechanical and flame-retardant properties of epoxy resins were investigated systematically.The optimized flameretardant epoxy resin was used to fabricate glass fiber reinforced epoxy composite(GFRC),and the mechanical as well as flame retardancy of the resulting GFRC were studied.The results show that the epoxy resins modified by APP-MA and APP-CFA combinations do not show apparent synergistic flame retardancy effects,but the ternary APP-MA-CFA system(30 wt%APP-5 wt%MA-5 wt%CFA)demonstrates superior synergistic flame retardancy effects.Compared with the unmodified epoxy resin,the epoxy resin modified by APP-MA-CFA exhibits an increase in limit oxygen index(LOI)from 18%to 50.2%,a 84%decrease in peak heat release rate(PHRR)and a 78%decrease in total hear release(THR).With the addition of flame retardants in the epoxy matrix,the GFRC shows deteriorative mechanical properties,especially for interlaminar shear strength.Again,the GFRC based on the epoxy matrix modified by APP-MA-CFA presents the best flameretardant performance.Compared with the unmodified GFRC,the modified GFRC shows an increased LOI(from 22.8%to 66.0%),a decreased PHRR(from 354 kW/m^(2)to 93 kW/m^(2))and a decreased THR(from 49.3 MJ/m^(2)to 22.8 MJ/m^(2)).

关 键 词：热固性树脂 聚合物基复合材料 层压板 力学性能 阻燃性能 

分 类 号：TB332[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程] TQ323.5[化学工程—合成树脂塑料工业]