贵州不同地区晚熟李的果实品质分析及综合评价  

Comprehensive Evaluation on Fruit Quality of Late-maturing Plum Varieties(Lines)from Different Areas in Guizhou

作　　者：金吉林[1] 陈守一[1] 王红林 赵凯 罗昌国[1] JIN Jilin;CHEN Shouyi;WANG Honglin;ZHAO Kai;LUO Changguo(Fruit Research Institute,Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Guiyang,Guizhou 550006,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州省农业科学院果树科学研究所,贵州贵阳550006

出　　处：《贵州农业科学》2021年第9期8-13,共6页Guizhou Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：贵州省科技计划项目“贵州地方李晚熟新品种选育”[黔科合支撑(2019)2265]。

摘　　要：【目的】探明贵州不同地区晚熟李的品质差异,为贵州晚熟李良种选育及进一步开发利用提供参考。【方法】以贵州不同地区的16个晚熟李资源为试材,成熟期测定果实的外观及内在品质9个指标,通过相关性和主成分分析,综合评价晚熟李的果实品质。【结果】16个晚熟李资源外观与内在品质均存在较大差异,单果质量为10.73~40.91 g,果实横径为2.37~4.37 cm,纵径为2.13~4.46 cm,果形指数为0.86~1.19,可溶性固形物含量为9.3%~15.6%,可滴定酸含量为0.51%~1.10%,可溶性糖含量为6.2%~11.7%,糖酸比为5.64~21.27,维生素C含量为0.61~1.81 mg/100g。不同指标之间具有一定相关性,单果质量与横径呈极显著正相关,与纵径呈显著正相关,横径与纵径呈极显著正相关;果形指数与纵径呈显著正相关;可滴定酸含量与可溶性固形物含量呈显著负相关;糖酸比与可溶性固形物含量呈极显著负相关,与可滴定酸含量、可溶性糖含量呈极显著正相关;维生素C含量与可溶性固形物含量、可溶性糖含量、糖酸比均呈极显著正相关。主成分分析显示,前3个主成分的累计贡献率达89.925%,可反映大部分果实品质的信息。【结论】16个晚熟李果实品质综合评定得分排序为:修文县晚香脆>遵义汇川区青脆李>沿河县七麦李>平坝县青脆李>石阡县晚青脆>毕节七星关区凤凰李>遵义播州区脆红李>遵义播州区青脆李>沿河县红李子>毕节七星关区凤凰李>德江县红麦李>遵义播州区青脆李>贵阳乌当脆红李>沿河县红李子>沿河县大麦李>道真县迟李子,修文县晚香脆、遵义汇川区青脆李和沿河县七麦李等地方晚熟李的综合品质较优,可用于晚熟李品种选育的基础材料加以利用。【Objective】The difference in quality among 16 late-maturing plum varieties(lines)is discussed to provide a reference for breeding,further development and utilization of late-maturing plum varieties in Guizhou.【Method】The fruit quality of 16 late-maturing plum varieties from different areas in Guizhou is comprehensively evaluated by correlational analysis and principal component analysis based on nine exterior and interior quality indexes at mature period.【Result】The single fruit weight,transverse diameter,longitudinal diameter,fruit shape index,soluble solid,titratable acid,soluble sugar,sugar-acid ratio and V_(C)of 16 late-maturing plum varieties(lines)are 10.73~40.91 g,2.37~4.37 cm,2.13~4.46 cm,0.86~1.19,9.3%~15.6%,0.51%~1.10%,6.2%~11.7%,5.64~21.27 and 0.61~1.81 mg/100g respectively.The single fruit weight is positively related to transverse diameter very significantly and positively related to longitudinal diameter significantly.The transverse diameter is positively related to longitudinal diameter very significantly.There is a significant positive correlation between fruit shape index and longitudinal diameter.There is a significant negative correlation between titratable acid and soluble solid.The sugar-acid ratio is negatively related to soluble solid very significantly and positively related to titratable acid and soluble sugar very significantly.V_(C)is positively related to soluble solid,soluble sugar and sugar-acid ratio very significantly.The principal component analysis shows that the accumulative contribution rate of first three principal components is up to 89.925%,which can reflect most information of fruit quality.【Conclusion】The comprehensive evaluation shows that the fruit quality evaluation score of 16 late-maturing plum varieties(lines)is GY_(3)>ZY_(2)>YH_(2)>GY_(1)>SQ>BJ_(1)>ZY_(4)>ZY_(1)>YH_(1)>BJ_(2)>DJ>ZY_(3)>GY_(2)>YH_(4)>YH_(3)>DZ.The comprehensive quality of GY_(3),ZY_(2)and YH_(2)are better.

关 键 词：晚熟李 果实品质 综合评价 不同地区 贵州 

分 类 号：S662.3[农业科学—果树学]