灰鹤在迁徙途中撞击高压线伤亡分析与视觉盲区初探  

Wire Collision of the Common Cranes during Their Migration at Urumqi with Preliminary Analysis of Their Blind Area of Vision

作　　者：马鸣[1] 蒋可威 梅宇[1] 王文娟[2] Graham Martin 李军伟 陈雨萧 王述潮 吴道宁[1] MA Ming;JIANG Ke-Wei;MEI Yu;WANG Wen-Juan;Graham MARTIN;LI Jun-Wei;CHEN Yu-Xiao;WANG Shu-Chao;WU Dao-Ning(Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Urumqi 830011;Institute of Life Sciences,Nanchang University,Nanchang 330031,China;School of Biosciences,University of Birmingham,B152TT,UK)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所,乌鲁木齐830011 [2]南昌大学生命科学研究院流域生态学研究所,南昌330031 [3]英国伯明翰大学生物科学院,B152TT UK

出　　处：《动物学杂志》2021年第5期648-654,共7页Chinese Journal of Zoology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(No.31572292,31272291,30970340);生态环境部生物多样性保护重大工程专项。

摘　　要：广布于欧亚大陆的灰鹤(Grusgrus)又叫普通鹤、欧亚鹤。采用直接计数法,观测灰鹤的迁徙活动。依据2019至2021年在乌鲁木齐郊区连续3年搜集灰鹤迁徙期遭遇高压线(220kV)挂碰遇难的数据,简单介绍伤亡案例的特点。可能是因为灰鹤前端有一个视觉盲区,致49只灰鹤碰撞了高压线,统计到伤亡率达5.4%。伤亡者多是1龄以上4龄以内的亚成鸟(占94%),成鸟占6%,尚未见1龄内幼鸟。现场解剖,伤亡者的断翅率最高,达到53%;腿被撞折的比率也很高,达51%;腹部或背部擦伤占24%;头或颈部碰伤约为14%。因为碰挂后落地(≥30 m架空线),造成二次受伤,结果有41%的灰鹤身体是多处受伤(复合伤)。最后,对视野盲区进行了初步分析,探讨伤亡的原因,并介绍和推荐几种行之有效的解决办法。The Common Crane(Grus grus)is widely distributed in China,with some populations passing through the areas around Urumqi(Western China)during their annual migrations,and a number of these birds colliding with power lines(220 kV transmission).According to our systematic surveys between 2019 and 2021,at least 49 cranes were recorded to be killed because of hitting on power lines.Injuries and deaths more than this number have been casually reported and we estimate the casualty rate to be about 5.4% of all cranes visiting the area(Table 1).This death toll may be increasing.Cornfields and wetlands near power lines are the habitats frequented by the cranes.We examined cranes which had apparently collided with power lines,all were sub-adults(more than 94% were 2-4 years old birds;body feathers were lighter than in fully mature adults and the top of the head was without the red marking).According to observations,thousands of adult Common Cranes pass through this area in mid-March and later,but apparently there are no casualties.Why did we not find the dead bodies of one-year-old cranes?We suggest that they were led by experienced parents at that time.Examination of the injured body parts showed a high rate of broken wings,(53%)and broken legs(51%);abdominal or back abrasions were found on 24% of birds,and head or neck bruises on about 14%.About 41% of the injured cranes had multiple injuries(Table 1).Why do these birds collide with power lines?Part of the explanation may lie in the frontal area of blind vision which projects in the direction of travel when a flying crane pitches its head forward to look down(Fig.1c),perhaps searching for other cranes on the ground or suitable feeding areas.We discuss and recommend several effective solutions that should increase power line visibility and reduce crane collisions and deaths.

关 键 词：灰鹤 鸟撞电网 伤亡率 迁徙 视野与盲区 乌鲁木齐 

分 类 号：Q958[生物学—动物学]