印度政府经济政策内在矛盾的政治逻辑  

A Political Logic of Contradictions:The Economic Policy of the Indian Government

作　　者：杨怡爽 Yang Yishuang

机构地区：[1]云南财经大学印度洋地区研究中心

出　　处：《南亚研究》2021年第3期128-153,159,160,共28页South Asian Studies

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“美国印太战略构建对中国周边环境的制度冲击与应对研究”(项目批准号:19BGJ013);教育部人文社会科学研究青年项目“中国与周边国家构建利益共同体研究”(项目批准号:17YJCGJW010)的阶段性研究成果

摘　　要：莫迪政府的经济政策经常在经济意识形态和施政方式上呈现相互矛盾的特点,这些矛盾实际上反映了在如何实现印度国族复兴这一议题上印度人民党与其母体国民志愿服务团之间所存在的深刻观念分歧。国民志愿服务团及同盟家族的民族主义经济思想与“建立利于市场的政府”的经济政策的方向从根本上是相悖的,而国民志愿服务团迫使印度人民党政府按照自身意愿做出让步的能力正在增强.这导致莫迪政府经济政策经常在目标和取向上相互矛盾,并因此影响了改革成效。这种矛盾的长期存在,意味着莫迪政府和印度人民党依然试图将坚持经济改革视为其执政合法性的来源之一,然而为了缓解矛盾并维系改革进程,莫迪政府不仅需要做出政策上的妥协,还需要持续通过有争议性的行动来维系自身作为强势政府的威信,以换取国民志愿服务团和广大民众的支持。这为评估印度政府的行为逻辑提供了新视角,有助于解答为何莫迪政府在坚持经济改革的同时会变得越来越激进和强硬。Contradictions frequently emerge with respect to the economic ideology and operational modalities of the Modi administration when it comes to economic policy.In reality,these contradictions reflect the profound conceptual divergence between the BJP and its mother organization-the RSS-with respect to how to achieve the revitalization of the Hindu Rashtra.The nationalist economic ideology of the RSS and its allies fundamentally contradicts the economic policy of"pro-market government".As the RSS strengthens its ability to compel the BJP to make concessions according to its will,this results in significant discrepancies between the objectives of the Modi government’s economic policy and the practical directions that it takes,while also impacting the effectiveness of reforms.Over the long term,the Modi Administration and the BJP will continue to see economic reform as key source of their legitimacy,and they will work to reduce these contradictions to maintain economic reform initiatives.This means that the Modi Administration will need to make significant policy accommodations,while also pushing controversial measures to maintain its authority as a strong government,and to maintain the support of the RSS and the masses.This offers us new insights into the logic behind the behavior of the Indian government,and also helps to explain why the Modi government has continued to make economic reforms while also becoming more assertive and hard-lined.

关 键 词：经济政策 印度人民党 国民志愿服务团 经济民族主义 

分 类 号：D735.1[政治法律—政治学] F135.1[政治法律—中外政治制度]