民族交往的语言表现:新疆汉语方言中的维吾尔语借词使用研究  

Linguistic Manifestations of Ethnic Communication: A Study on the Use of Uyghur Loanwords in Xinjiang Chinese Dialect

作　　者：王远新[1] WANG Yuanxin

机构地区：[1]中央民族大学中国少数民族语言文学学院,北京100081

出　　处：《民族语文》2021年第4期3-15,共13页Minority Languages of China

摘　　要：本文讨论借词与语码夹杂、借用类型与借用关系、第二语言熟练程度与词语借用、借词类推与扩散、对待借词的态度与借词使用、语言规范与社会使用6方面的问题。研究表明,受不同社会特征语言使用者及交际对象、话题、语体和场合等因素影响,新疆汉语方言中维吾尔语借词使用及其相关语言态度呈现一定社会差异。随着普通话推广,新疆汉语方言的使用群体和范围逐渐缩小,但仍有活力,一些维吾尔语借词具有较强构词能力和类推功能。借词不仅体现了特定社会文化条件下语言生活状况及语言的地方特色,还从一个侧面体现了语言使用者对不同语言文化的认同、吸收和兼容。This paper discusses six issues, which are loanwords and code-mixing, types and relationship of borrowing, second language proficiency and lexical borrowing, loanword analogy and diffusion, attitudes toward loanwords and use of loanwords, as well as language standardization and language use in society. The study shows that social variations exist in the use of Uyghur loanwords in Xinjiang Chinese dialect together with related language attitudes according to influencing factors such as speakers of different social features as well as conversational addressees, topics, language style and situation. Xinjiang Chinese dialect, gradually shrinking in speaker population and domains of use with the popularization of Standard Mandarin or putonghua, still retains its vitality, and some Uyghur loanwords have relative strong productivity and analogical function. Loanwords not only give importance to the unique local language situation and linguistic features under specific socio-cultural circumstances but also show from one aspect language speakers’ identification with as well as absorption and inclusiveness of other languages and cultures.

关 键 词：新疆汉语方言 维吾尔语借词 使用差异 语言态度 

分 类 号：H215[语言文字—少数民族语言] H17