耕地细碎化、耕地质量认知与化肥施用效率——基于湖北省水稻种植户的调查数据  

Land fragmentation,cognition of land quality,and efficiency of fertilizer application:Based on a survey data of rice growers in Hubei Province

作　　者：蔡啸宇 张俊飚[1,3] 王璇 CAI Xiao-yu;ZHANG Jun-biao;WANG Xuan(College of Economics and Management,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan,Hubei 430070,China;Hubei Rural Development Research Center,Wuhan,Hubei 430070,China;Institute of Hubei Ecological Civilization Construction,Wuhan,Hubei 430070,China)

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学经济管理学院,湖北武汉430070 [2]湖北农村发展研究中心,湖北武汉430070 [3]湖北生态文明建设研究院,湖北武汉430070

出　　处：《农业现代化研究》2021年第5期869-879,共11页Research of Agricultural Modernization

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目(20AZD091)。

摘　　要：在中国倡导农业农村绿色发展的大背景下,化肥投入的政策导向逐渐由增量增产转变为减量增效,如何提高化肥施用效率成为当前重点关注的问题。本文依据湖北省水稻种植户微观调查数据,运用随机前沿法测算水稻种植户化肥施用效率,并在此基础上运用CLAD模型进一步分析耕地细碎化程度与耕地质量认知对化肥施用效率的影响。结果表明:当前水稻种植户化肥施用效率仅为63.85%,若完全消除效率损失,化肥施用效率仍有36.15%的提升空间;耕地细碎化程度显著降低了化肥施用效率,可能与农户的避险行为有关;耕地质量认知显著促进了化肥施用效率提升,说明农户对耕地质量的科学认识能够改善化肥施用效率。因此,提出加快耕地整合与耕地连片经营法律法规建设,加速耕地细碎化治理经验与创新结合,加强引导农户对化肥施用的正确认知,推行科学种植生产模式以提升化肥施用效率的政策建议。With the advocacy of green development in agriculture and rural areas in China,the policy direction of fertilizer input has gradually changed from increasing production to improving efficiency.And how to improve the efficiency of fertilizer application has become a key issue.Based on a micro-survey data of rice growers in Hubei Province,this paper evaluated the fertilizer application efficiency by the stochastic frontier method and further analyzed the impacts of land fragmentation and land quality on fertilizer application efficiency by the CLAD model.Results show that the current fertilizer application efficiency of rice farmers was only 63.85%.If the efficiency loss was eliminated completely the fertilizer application efficiency could be improved by 36.15%.The degree of farmland fragmentation significantly reduces the efficiency of fertilizer application,which may be related to the hedge behavior of farmers.Cognition of farmland quality improves fertilizer application efficiency significantly,indicating that farmers’scientific understanding of farmland quality could improve the fertilizer application efficiency.Therefore,to improve the efficiency of fertilizer application,this paper provides the following policy suggestions:speeding up the construction of laws and regulations on the integration of farmland and contiguity operation of farmland,accelerating the combination of farmland fragmentation management experience and innovation,strengthening the guidance of farmers’correct cognition of fertilizer application,and promoting scientific cultivation and production mode.

关 键 词：耕地细碎化 耕地质量 化肥施用效率 随机前沿法 CLAD模型 

分 类 号：F326.1[经济管理—产业经济]