黄河口西南侧潮下带中国明对虾放流迁移跟踪  

Tracking surveys of released Fenneropenaeus chinensis in the subtidal zone to the southwest of the Yellow River Estuary

作　　者：左涛[1,3] 左明 王俊 张家旭[1,4] 陈瑞盛 孙坚强 ZUO Tao;ZUO Ming;WANG Jun;ZHANG Jiaxu;CHEN Ruisheng;SUN Jianqiang(Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Qingdao 266001,China;Marine Economy and Development Research Institute,Dongying 257091,China;Marine Ecology and Environmental Science Laboratory,Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology(Qingdao),Qingdao 266237,China;College of Fisheries,Ocean University of China,Qingdao 266003,China)

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所,山东青岛266001 [2]东营市海洋经济发展研究院,山东东营257091 [3]青岛市海洋科学与技术试点国家实验室,海洋生态与环境科学功能实验室,山东青岛266237 [4]中国海洋大学水产学院,山东青岛266003

出　　处：《中国水产科学》2021年第9期1091-1099,共9页Journal of Fishery Sciences of China

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFD0901202);青岛市海洋科学与技术试点国家实验室海洋生态与环境科学功能实验室青年人才培育项目(LMEES-YTSP-2018-04-03);中国海油海洋环境与生态保护公益基金项目(CF-MEEC/TR/2018-06).

摘　　要：黄河口西南侧潮下带是渤海中国明对虾[Fenneropenaeus chinensis(Osbeck,1765)]重点增殖放流区。本研究于2020年4—12月采用定点设站结合生产调研对此海域内小岛河河口中国明对虾放流迁移进行跟踪调查,研究增殖放流中国明对虾在放流早期迁移和入海后的分布特点及放流效果,为优化放流技术策略、提高增殖放流效率提供实践参考。结果显示,小岛河河口放流虾苗开闸后进入河道,沿河道向外迁徙,3~7 d进入海域,未发现对虾个体溯河上游;不同大小的幼虾出闸、滞留放流通道时长不同,小个体虾出池慢、滞留河道时间长,大个体虾出池快、入海时间短;潮下带开阔海区内,仅在进入放流期后的6—8月出现中国明对虾,且其数量逐月减少,8月开捕后中国明对虾分布数量和范围急剧减少至基本不出现。上述结果进一步证实黄河口西南侧潮下带区现存中国明对虾应来源于当年增殖放流群体,建议在类似小岛河河口的开阔河口区,增殖放流中国明对虾时选用相对大规格的虾苗,以缩短开闸放流滞留时间,获得更高放流效率。Chinese shrimp Fenneropenaeus chinensis is the first species to experience large-scale stock enhancement in the coastal waters of China.The subtidal zone to the southwest of the Yellow River estuary is one of the main releasing areas for stock enhancement of this species in the Bohai Sea.In June 2020,F.chinensis individuals were directly released in the subtidal zone near the Xiaodao River Estuary.To examine the movement of released shrimp,optimize releasing strategies,and provide a practical reference for relevant management,temporal-spatial distributions of released shrimp were studied based on follow-up investigations in the 4.5 km river/release channel and subtidal zone.Shrimp samples from trawling and set nets caught at fixed stations were analyzed from April to December in 2020.The results showed that shrimp larvae released from the gate-opening pools entered the estuary and finally reached the open sea along the river channel 3–7 days later.No shrimp were found upstream in the river channel.Size difference among individual shrimp was associated with the time spent swimming out of the pools and remaining in the river channel.Smaller shrimp swam more slowly out the gate-opening pool and remained in the river channel longer than larger individuals.In the subtidal zone,few shrimp were sampled in April and May.Shrimp individuals began to appear only after release in June,and disappeared by the end of August.The number and occurring frequency of F.chinensis decreased monthly from June to August.Based on the results of this study,relatively large shrimp individuals are recommended for Chinese shrimp stock enhancement in the Xiaodao River Estuary,as they have strong swimming ability,which could reduce the gate-opening time and achieve a higher releasing efficiency.This study also provides evidence that Chinese shrimp stock in the subtidal zone originate from the artificial released population of the same year.

关 键 词：中国明对虾 增殖放流 迁移 分布 黄河口 

分 类 号：S931[农业科学—渔业资源]