智利外海智利竹筴鱼与茎柔鱼栖息地变动对ENSO事件响应的差异  

Differences in habitat pattern response to various ENSO events in Trachurus murphyi and Dosidicus gigas located outside the exclusive economic zones of Chile

作　　者：冯志萍 张艳婧 余为[1,2,3,4,5] 陈新军 FENG Zhiping;ZHANG Yanjing;YU Wei;CHEN Xinjun(College of Marine Sciences,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China;National Engineering Research Center for Oceanic Fisheries,Shanghai 201306,China;Key Laboratory of Sustainable Exploitation of Oceanic Fisheries Resources,Ministry of Education,Shanghai 201306,China;Key Laboratory of Oceanic Fisheries Exploration,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Shanghai 201306,China;Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Oceanic Fishery Resources,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Shanghai 201306,China)

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学海洋科学学院,上海201306 [2]国家远洋渔业工程技术研究中心,上海201306 [3]大洋渔业资源可持续开发教育部重点实验室,上海201306 [4]农业农村部大洋渔业开发重点实验室,上海201306 [5]农业农村部大洋渔业资源环境科学观测实验站,上海201306

出　　处：《中国水产科学》2021年第9期1195-1207,共13页Journal of Fishery Sciences of China

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFD0901405);国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(41906073);上海市自然科学基金项目(19ZR1423000).

摘　　要：探究同海域物种栖息地变动的同步性有利于有效利用和管理多个关联物种资源。本研究利用2011—2016年秋季智利外海茎柔鱼(Dosidicus gigas)渔业数据及海表面高度距平值(SSHA)、海表面盐度(SSS)、400 m水层温度(Temp_400 m)等环境数据和2013—2016年秋季智利竹筴鱼(Trachurus murphyi)渔业生产数据及海表面温度(SST)、混合层深度(MLD)、400 m水层温度(Temp_400 m)构建了不同权重的栖息地模型,各种类选取最优栖息地模型并利用2017年数据进行验证。此外,基于最优模型分别追算1950—2017年智利竹筴鱼(Trachurus murphyi)与茎柔鱼栖息地适宜性指数(HSI),并分析其对ENSO(El Niño-Southern oscillation,厄尔尼诺与南方涛动)事件响应的差异。结果表明,智利竹筴鱼与茎柔鱼最优栖息地模型均能较好地预测两者潜在分布。厄尔尼诺事件期间,各环境变量表现为海温偏高,海面高度空间上由东北向西南方向递减,混合层较浅,智利北部海表面盐度高于南部;物种生境变化表现为智利竹筴鱼适宜面积增加,最适HSI重心向西移动,而茎柔鱼适宜面积减小,最适HSI重心向西南方向移动。拉尼娜事件期间各环境变量表现为海温偏低,海面高度空间上由东北向西南方向递增,混合层加深,海表面盐度变化与厄尔尼诺期间相似且差异较小;此事件期间,智利竹筴鱼适宜面积于西南方向显著减少,最适HSI重心向东南方向偏移,而茎柔鱼适宜面积于高纬度方向上增幅显著,最适HSI重心向东北方向移动。智利竹筴鱼与茎柔鱼适宜面积在不同ENSO事件下变化差异可能与东南太平洋智利海域分布的海流及两者摄食对象生物量的变化有关。Exploring the synchronization of species habitat changes within an area is beneficial to the effective utilization and management of multiple associated species resources.In this study,we used fisheries and environmental(including sea surface height anomaly(SSHA),sea surface salinity(SSS),and 400 m water layer temperature(Temp_400 m)data on Dosidicus gigas in the autumns of 2011–2016,and fisheries and environmental(including sea surface temperature(SST),mixed layer depth(MLD),and 400 m water layer temperature(Temp_400 m)data on Trachurus murphyi in the autumns of 2013–2016 to construct habitat models with different weights.The optimal habitat models were selected and validated by data from 2017.Based on the highest performing model,the habitat suitability indices of Trachurus murphyi and Dosidicus gigas were predicted from 1950 to 2017,with differences in habitat changes between the species further examined under different ENSO events.The results showed that the optimal model of Trachurus murphyi and Dosidicus gigas could accurately predict their potential distribution.During the El Niño years,the sea surface temperature was higher,the sea surface height decreased from northeast to southwest,the mixed layer depth was shallow,and the sea surface salinity concentration in the north of Chile were higher than those in the South;the species distribution results showed that suitable habitats for Trachurus murphyi significantly increased and the gravity center of the optimal HSI moved westward,while suitable habitats for Dosidicus gigas decreased and the gravity center of the optimal HSI moved southeast.During the La Niña years,sea surface temperature was lower,the sea surface height increased from northeast to southwest,the mixing layer depth was increased,and the sea surface salinity was similar to that during El Niño years,though the difference was not significant;under tHSI climate conditions,suitable habitats for Dosidicus gigas increased significantly in a latitudinal direction and the gravity center of HSI

关 键 词：智利竹筴鱼 茎柔鱼 厄尔尼诺 拉尼娜 栖息地适宜性指数 智利外海 

分 类 号：S931[农业科学—渔业资源]