冠状病毒Spike蛋白及其针对性治疗研究进展  

Research progress of coronavirus spike protein and its targeted treatment

作　　者：林欢 冯旰珠[1] LIN Huan;FENG Ganzhu(Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine,the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University,Nanjing 210011,China)

机构地区：[1]南京医科大学第二附属医院呼吸与危重症医学科,江苏南京210011

出　　处：《南京医科大学学报（自然科学版）》2021年第7期1095-1103,共9页Journal of Nanjing Medical University(Natural Sciences)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(81870009)。

摘　　要：冠状病毒(coronavirus,CoV)是可以感染人类及动物的正链RNA病毒,其包含的最大RNA基因组长度为32 kb,可分为4类:α、β、γ和δ。冠状病毒颗粒包含4个标准结构蛋白:包膜蛋白(E)、膜蛋白(M)、核衣壳蛋白(N)和刺突蛋白(S)。S蛋白既包含受体结合域(receptor-binding domain,RBD),又包含融合相关结构域,使其成为CoV进入过程中的关键蛋白。本文主要阐述S蛋白的主要结构、结构域以及该蛋白在病毒入侵宿主细胞过程中的自身水解切割、构象变化等相关特点,并就该蛋白的相关中和抗体以及CoV尤其是新型冠状病毒(SARS-CoV-2)灭活疫苗、亚单位疫苗RNA疫苗等研究现状进行介绍。Coronavirus(CoV)is a positive-stranded RNA virus that can infect humans and animals. The maximum RNA genome length in the virus is 32 kb,which can be divided into four categories:α,β,γ,and δ. Coronavirus particles contain four standard structural proteins:E(envelope protein),M(membrane protein),N(nucleocapsid protein),and S(spike protein). The S protein contains both a receptor-binding domain(RBD)and a fusion-related domain,making it a key protein in the process of CoV entry. This article mainly describes the main structure and domains of the S protein,as well as the autohydrolytic cleavage and conformational changes of the protein during the virus invading host cells. The relevant neutralizing antibodies of the protein and the current research status of inactivated vaccines and subunit vaccine as well as RNA vaccines of CoV,especially SARS-CoV-2,are introduced.

关 键 词：冠状病毒 SPIKE蛋白 受体结合域 膜融合 中和抗体 

分 类 号：R373.1[医药卫生—病原生物学]