“毛里求斯与马尔代夫海洋划界案”初步反对意见判决的问题、技巧与影响  

The Judgment on Preliminary Objections in the Mauritius/ Maldives Case: Problems, Judicial Techniques, and Implications

作　　者：朱利江[1] Zhu Lijiang

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学国际法学院

出　　处：《国际法研究》2021年第5期18-29,共12页Chinese Review of International Law

基　　金：国家社科基金重大研究专项“基于中国立场的海洋争端解决机制实证研究”(19VHQ008)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：国际海洋法法庭特别分庭关于"毛里求斯与马尔代夫海洋划界案"初步反对意见判决至少存在4个值得讨论的国际法问题:特别分庭是否偏离了国际判例法关于领土主权与海洋权益混合争端案件的处理方式;特别分庭是否准确分析了国际法院咨询意见的法律效果;当事国依据《联合国海洋法公约》第74条第1—2款和第83条第1—2款承担的解决划界争端的谈判义务,与其依据该公约第283条承担的交换意见义务,是否为同一义务;特别分庭是否准确适用了国际判例法关于国际争端的判断标准。为了确立对该案的管辖权,特别分庭运用了转交、区分、回避等多种司法技巧。该案判决可能引发更多涉及查戈斯群岛的国际争端,也可能导致更多国际争端被提交给国际法院寻求咨询意见。The judgment of the Special Chamber of the ITLOS on the preliminary objections in the case concerning the maritime delimitation in the Indian Ocean between Mauritius and Maldives entails at least four debatable international law issues: whether the Special Chamber deviated from the previous approach to deal with mixed disputes of maritime rights with territorial sovereignty in international jurisprudence;whether the Special Chamber correctly analyzed the legal effect of the ICJ advisory opinion;whether the obligation to negotiate between States under Article 74(1)-(2) and Article 83(1)-(2) is the same as the obligation to exchange views between States under Article 283 of the UNCLOS;whether the Special Chamber correctly applied the established jurisprudence to identify international disputes in question. By using various judicial techniques, the ITLOS determines it has jurisdiction over this case. The judgment may give rise to more international disputes and international legal issues surrounding the Chagos Archipelagos, and may stimulate more international legal issues to be referred to the ICJ to seek advisory opinions.

关 键 词：联合国海洋法公约 “毛里求斯与马尔代夫海洋划界案” 海洋划界 咨询意见 初步反对意见判决 查戈斯群岛 

分 类 号：D993.5[政治法律—国际法学]