华中地区冬季灰霾天气下PM_(2.5)中重金属污染特征及健康风险评价:以湖北黄冈为例  

Characteristics and Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals inPM_(2.5) Under Winter Haze Conditions in Central China:A Case Study of Huanggang,Hubei Province

作　　者：李星谕 毛瑶 陈展乐 刘威杰 程铖 石明明 许安 苏业旺 胡天鹏[1] 祁士华[2] 邢新丽[1,2] LI Xing-yu;MAO Yao;CHEN Zhan-le;LIU Wei-jie;CHENG Cheng;SHI Ming-ming;XU An;SU Ye-wang;HU Tian-peng;QI Shi-hua;XING Xin-li(School of Environmental Studies,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074,China;State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology,China University)

机构地区：[1]中国地质大学(武汉)环境学院,武汉430074 [2]中国地质大学(武汉)生物地质与环境地质国家重点实验室,武汉430074

出　　处：《环境科学》2021年第10期4593-4601,共9页Environmental Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFC0212603);国家自然科学基金项目(41773124)。

摘　　要：为探究华中地区灰霾天PM_(2.5)中重金属元素的污染特征及其潜在健康风险,于2018年1月13~24日对华中区域观测点——黄冈站点加密采集PM_(2.5)样品.采用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(ICP-MS)对PM_(2.5)中Cr、Mn、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、As、Cd、Sn和Pb进行分析,通过富集因子法对其污染特征进行探讨,并采用美国环保署推荐的暴露模型对其潜在风险进行评估.结果表明,观测期间PM_(2.5)中Zn质量浓度最高,致癌物质As、Cd质量浓度均高于我国环境空气质量标准(GB 3095-2012)的二级标准限值,70%的元素质量浓度在灰霾中期占比最大.富集因子分析显示,Cd、Sn、Co、Pb和Zn富集程度最高,特别是在灰霾中期,这些物质主要来源于交通和燃煤.人体健康风险评价结果显示,手口摄食是引起非致癌风险的主要途径,儿童的暴露量和非致癌风险均明显高于成人.Pb对儿童存在非致癌风险,PM_(2.5)中重金属对成人不具有非致癌风险且致癌重金属不具有致癌风险.To explore the pollution characteristics and potential health risks of heavy metals in PM_(2.5)on haze days in Central China,PM_(2.5)samples were collected from the Huanggang monitoring station,a regional observation point in Central China,between January 13 and 24,2018.The contents of Cr,Mn,Co,Ni,Cu,Zn,As,Cd,Sn,and Pb in PM25 were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS),and the enrichment factor method was used to determine the potential risk based on the exposure model recommended by the Environmental Protection Administration(EPA).The results showed that during the observation period,the concentrations of Zn in PM_(2.5)were highest,and the concentrations of the carcinogens As and Cd were higher than the secondary standard limits of China’s ambient air quality standard(GB 3095-2012),with 70%of these elemental concentrations accounting for the largest proportion in the middle haze period.The enrichment factor analysis showed that Cd,Sn,Co,Pb,and Zn were the most abundant elements,especially during the middle haze period,and were mostly derived from transportation and coal combustion.The results of the human health risk assessment showed that exposure via hand-mouth feeding was the main non-carcinogenic risk,and the exposure and non-carcinogenic risks of children were significantly higher than those of adults.Pb poses a non-carcinogenic risk to children,while heavy metals in PM25 pose no non-carcinogenic risks to adults and carcinogenic heavy metals pose no carcinogenic risks.

关 键 词：PM_(2.5) 灰霾 重金属 富集因子 健康风险评价 

分 类 号：X513[环境科学与工程—环境工程]