考虑车钩垂向约束的机车轴重转移计算方法研究  

RESEARCH ON THE CALCULATION METHOD OF LOCOMOTIVE AXLE LOAD TRANSFER CONSIDERING COUPLER VERTICAL CONSTRAIN EFFECT

作　　者：张志超 李谷 储高峰 祖宏林 ZHANG Zhi-chao;LI Gu;CHU Gao-feng;ZU Hong-lin(Locomotive&Car Research Institute,China Academy of Railway Sciences Corporation Limited,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]中国铁道科学研究院集团有限公司机车车辆研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《工程力学》2021年第11期212-219,共8页Engineering Mechanics

基　　金：中国铁路总公司科技研究开发计划项目(N2018J012,N2019J003);中国铁道科学研究院科研开发基金项目(2018YJ004,2020YJ124)。

摘　　要：机车牵引时,连挂车钩钩头接触面在拉钩力作用下产生的垂向约束作用会对机车轴重转移产生影响。该文将机车后端连挂车钩的垂向约束作用简化为线性弹簧约束,通过车体和构架的受力平衡分析推导得到了考虑车钩垂向约束作用的机车轴重转移计算方程,提出了基于系统刚度矩阵的简便准确且具有通用性的机车轴重转移计算方法,采用该方法分别分析了车钩垂向约束作用、机车悬挂参数对其轴重转移的影响规律。结果表明:车钩垂向约束作用会对机车轴重转移产生明显影响,根据某HX系列机车自由端车钩抬升量实际测定值可确定该车钩尾等效约束刚度的控制值;减小机车一系垂向刚度、增大二系垂向刚度以及降低牵引点高度均可减弱机车牵引时的轴重转移。The coupler-head vertical constrain effect between two rear connected couplers under locomotive pulling forces has some influences on the locomotive axle load transfer.Such rear coupler vertical constrain effect is assumed as a linear vertical spring,and the equation for calculating the locomotive axle load transfer is obtained by the car body and by the bogie force analysis considering the coupler vertical constrain effect.Then the general and efficient locomotive axle load transfer calculation method is developed on the grounds of the stiffness matrix of locomotive vertical dynamic equations.The influences of the coupler vertical constrain effect and locomotive structural parameters on the axle load transfer are discussed by the proposed method.The results show that,the vertical restraint effect of the coupler has an obvious influence on the axle load transfer of the locomotive,and the control value of the equivalent restraint stiffness of the coupler tail can be determined according to the actual measured value of the free end coupler lift of a HX series locomotive.And the locomotive structural parameters also have some influences,the axle load transfer during traction can be reduced by reducing the vertical stiffness of the first system of the locomotive,increasing the vertical stiffness of the second system and reducing the height of the traction point.

关 键 词：机车 轴重转移 车钩垂向约束 刚度矩阵 车钩抬升量 

分 类 号：U260.2[机械工程—车辆工程]