4省市沼渣沼液养分含量和重金属分析  

Analysis of Nutrients and Heavy Metals of Biogas Residue and Biogas Slurry in Four Provinces and Cities

作　　者：尹鹏 张辉文[2] 刘宏达 王永明[2] 向小飞[2] 彭靖靖 万小春 艾平[1] YIN Peng;ZHANG Hui-wen;LIU Hong-da;WANG Yong-ming;XIANG Xiao-fei;PENG Jing-jing;WAN Xiao-chun;AI Ping(Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070,China;Rural Energy Office of Hubei Province,Wuhan 430070,China;Ecological Energy Bureau,Agricultural and Rural Bureau of Guangshui,Suizhou 432700,China;Rural Energy and Environment Agency,Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs,Beijing 100125,China)

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学,武汉430070 [2]湖北省农村能源办公室,武汉430070 [3]广水市农业农村局生态能源局,湖北随州432700 [4]农业农村部农业生态与资源保护总站,北京100125

出　　处：《中国沼气》2021年第5期43-50,共8页China Biogas

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51406064)。

摘　　要：沼肥施用有利于农业废弃物的资源化利用,但目前关于沼渣沼液特性的研究多限于单一地区同一类型沼气池的沼渣沼液分析。对于不同区域,不同大小沼气池,沼渣与沼液间的特性差异并没有深入的研究。文章对湖南宁乡、浙江江门、安徽安庆和河南郑州4个地区的户用沼气池和小沼工程中的沼渣、沼液中养分物质含量和重金属进行了研究,旨在了解不同地区、不同类型沼渣沼液的养分和安全风险差异,为科学利用提供依据。结果表明,小沼工程的沼渣沼液在大部分营养组分和重金属含量方面,普遍少于户用沼气池。4个地区沼液中有机质,TN,TP,TK,速效N的最高含量分别为111.94 g·L^(-1),3.38 g·L^(-1),0.426 g·L^(-1),6.59 g·L^(-1),1682.60 g·L^(-1);而沼渣中的最高含量分别为773.2 g·kg^(-1),34.62 g·kg^(-1),33.63 g·kg^(-1),40.40 g·kg^(-1),4110.00 g·kg^(-1)。沼渣养分含量的变异系数小于沼液。4个地区沼渣与沼液的重金属含量变异系数都较大,有7组样本的沼液中重金属的变异系数超过了100%。沼渣20组样本有11组样本重金属超标,沼液20组样本共有16组样本重金属超标。沼渣中的超标重金属分别为镉和砷,沼液中5种主要有毒重金属均有样本超标,且汞与砷的超标现象最为严重。与沼液相比,沼渣拥有更高的营养含量,更低的重金属污染。The application of biogas fertilizer is beneficial to the utilization of agricultural waste,However,the study on the characteristics of biogas slurry is limited to the analysis of biogas slurry in the same type of biogas digester in a single area.For different regions,Biogas digesters of different sizes,The difference of characteristics between biogas residue and biogas slurry has not been studied deeply.In this paper,the contents of nutrients and heavy metals in biogas residue and biogas liquid in Ningxiang,Hunan,Jiangmen,Anhui,Anqing and Zhengzhou,Henan,The aim is to provide the basis for the scientific utilization of this huge organic fertilizer resource.It turns out,In terms of most nutrient components and heavy metal content,Generally less than household biogas digesters.Organic matter in biogas from 4 regions,TN,TP,TK,The maximum content of available N was respectively 111.94 g·L^(-1),3.38 g·L^(-1),0.426 g·L^(-1),6.59 g·L^(-1),1682.60 g·L^(-1),and the highest content in the biogas residue was respectively 773.2 g·kg^(-1),34.62 g·kg^(-1),33.63 g·kg^(-1),40.40 g·kg^(-1),4110.00 g·kg^(-1).The coefficient of variation of nutrient component content of biogas residue is less than that of biogas slurry.The variation coefficient of heavy metal content of biogas residue and biogas liquid in 4 areas is large,The coefficient of variation of heavy metals in biogas slurry in 7 groups was more than 100.There were 11 heavy metals in 20 samples,There were 16 groups of heavy metals in 20 groups of biogas liquid samples.The heavy metals in biogas residue are cadmium and arsenic,The five main toxic heavy metals in biogas liquid all exceed the standard,And the phenomenon of mercury and arsenic exceeding the standard is the most serious.Compared to the biogas,The residue has a higher nutrient content,Lower heavy metal pollution,more suitable for direct application as fertilizer.

关 键 词：不同区域 沼渣 沼液 重金属 

分 类 号：S216.4[农业科学—农业机械化工程]