基于GRAPES四维变分的静止轨道微波观测系统模拟试验研究  

Geostationary microwave observation system simulation experiments using the GRAPES 4D-Var.

作　　者：陈柯[1] 洪鹏飞 韩威 李泽宇[1] 王皓 王金成 陈昊 张志清[5] 谢振超 CHEN Ke;HONG Pengfei;HAN Wei;LI Zeyu;WANG Hao;WANG Jincheng;CHEN Hao;ZHANG Zhiqing;XIE Zhenchao(Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Wuhan 430074,China;National Meteorological Center,Beijing 100081,China;Numerical Weather Prediction Center of CMA,Beijing 100081,China;Jiangsu Meteorological Observatory,Nanjing 210000,China;National Satellite Meteorological Center,Beijing 100081,China;Shanghai Aerospace Electronics Technology Institute,Shanghai 201109,China)

机构地区：[1]华中科技大学,武汉430074 [2]国家气象中心,北京100081 [3]中国气象局数值预报中心,北京100081 [4]江苏省气象台,南京210000 [5]国家卫星气象中心,北京100081 [6]上海航天电子技术研究所,上海201109

出　　处：《气象学报》2021年第5期769-785,共17页Acta Meteorologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(42075155、41675108)。

摘　　要：地球静止轨道微波观测同时具有高频次、大视场和穿透云雨的全天候观测能力,因此中国在规划第二代静止轨道气象卫星“风云四号”系列时已经明确提出对静止轨道微波观测的需求。基于中国候选的50、118、183、380和425 GHz五频段静止轨道微波辐射计载荷方案,开展了地球静止轨道微波观测系统模拟试验,理解其观测时间分辨率、频段选取和观测误差对台风预报的影响。试验基于GRAPES全球四维变分同化系统,同化静止轨道微波模拟观测资料,以2018年台风“玛利亚”和“山竹”为例分析了静止轨道微波资料同化对台风预报的影响。试验结果表明,对于静止轨道微波资料同化应用,提高观测资料的时间分辨率、增加通道数量和降低噪声水平能够有效提升台风数值预报性能。The geostationary microwave(GEO-MW)observation system has the all-weather observation capability with high frequency of real-time observation,large field-of-view and cloud-penetrating ability,which makes it a necessity in China's secondgeneration geostationary meteorology satellite"Fengyun-4"series development.Observation System Simulation Experiments(OSSEs)are conducted to understand how the characteristics of GEO-MW such as the time resolution,the frequency band selection and observation errors affect the performance of typhoon numerical prediction based on the candidate instrumental concept for China GEO-MW satellite mission with five bands of 50,118,183,380 and 425 GHz.The OSSEs assimilate the simulated GEO-MW observation data using the GRAPES global 4D-Var data assimilation system and demonstrate the impact of GEO-MW observations on forecasts of two typhoon cases,"Maria"and"Mangkhut",in 2018.The experiment results indicate that improving the time resolution,increasing the number of frequency band and decreasing the noise level of GEO-MW observation data can effectively improve the performance of typhoon numerical prediction by the application of data assimilation.

关 键 词：静止轨道微波观测 观测系统模拟试验 资料同化 GRAPES 四维变分 

分 类 号：P435[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]