印度吞并锡金与大国反应考论  

India's Annexation of Sikkim and the Reaction of Great Powers

作　　者：杜常生 DU Changsheng(Anhui Normal University)

机构地区：[1]安徽师范大学历史学院,安徽芜湖241000

出　　处：《边界与海洋研究》2021年第5期44-63,共20页Journal of Boundary and Ocean Studies

摘　　要：20世纪70年代初,随着苏印“特殊关系”的形成,印度自认为已居于“强有力的优势”地位,在“英迪拉主义”的指引下开始加快吞并锡金的步伐,“锡金问题”愈演愈烈。整个“问题”的发展演变过程影射着中美苏印四国在政治、军事、外交上的多重博弈。苏印两国不同程度地以此事件为背景,相互借用,苏联“联印制中抑美”,印度则积极“拉苏制华”。对于印度吞并锡金,作为当事方的中国进行了强烈谴责。而美国以不直接涉及其利益为由,采取了“不干涉政策”。促成大国反应及政策选择的直接动因在于中美苏印四国基于国家利益而围绕“锡金问题”展开的权势角逐与战略竞争。同时,印度吞并锡金的策动、实施和完成,也与大国的反应及政策选择密切相关。In the early 1970s,with the formation of the“special relationship”between the Soviet Union and India,India considered itself to be in a“strong advantage”position,and under the guidance of“Indiraism”began to accelerate the pace of annexation of Sikkim,“Sikkim issue”“Intensified.The development and evolution of the whole”problem“alludes to the multiple games between China,the United States,the Soviet Union and India in politics,military affairs and diplomacy”.The Soviet Union and India used this incident as the background and borrowed from each other to varying degrees.The Soviet Union“joined with India to check China and restrain the United States,”and India actively“raised Soviet Union to suppress China.”China,as a party,strongly condemned India's annexation of Sikkim.The United States has adopted a“non-interference policy”on the grounds that it does not directly involve its interests.The direct cause of the reaction and policy choice of the great powers lies in the power and strategic competition among the four countries of China,the United States,the Soviet Union and India around the Sikkim issue based on their national interests.At the same time,the instigation,implementation and completion of India s annexation of Sikkim were also closely related to the reactions and policy choices of great powers.

关 键 词：锡金问题 大国 反应 政策选择 

分 类 号：K351.5[历史地理—历史学] D835.1[历史地理—世界史] K356[政治法律—政治学]