东京都市圈轨道交通发展历程、特点和经验  

The Development Process,Characteristics and Experience for the Rail Transit in Tokyo Metropolitan Area

作　　者：蒋中铭[1] JIANG Zhongming(Institute of Comprehensive Transportation,National Development and Reform Commission,Beijing 100038.China)

机构地区：[1]国家发展和改革委员会综合运输研究所,北京100038

出　　处：《综合运输》2021年第9期119-125,共7页China Transportation Review

摘　　要：民营市郊轨道和JR市郊铁路是东京都市圈通勤运输的主体。自20世纪初以来,日本民营铁路公司逐步构建以大城市为中心的市郊运输经营格局,同时积极拓展多元化经营,形成铁路与城市互动发展和相互促进的良性发展局面。20世纪60年代,面对人口大量集中、城市无序蔓延、交通过度拥堵等城市病问题,日本国铁及时转型,围绕东京都市圈开展了一系列实现主要通道多复线化的重大投资建设工程,对于塑造形成"轨道上的都市圈"发挥了关键性作用,同时国铁通过自身改革也进入了转型发展的新时期。经过多年发展,东京都市圈不同轨道网络充分发挥各自技术经济特点和比较优势,探索出了一条适合东京都市圈特点的"多网融合"发展之路。东京都市圈轨道交通发展历程也表明,以经济效益为中心的市场体制和以竞争为核心的市场机制是推动打造形成高质量都市圈轨道交通网络的核心力量。The private suburban railway and JR suburban railway both play a major role in commuter passenger transport in Tokyo metropolitan area.Since the 1900 s,the private railway companies have gradually transformed their prime operating field to the suburban transport around large cities,and while multiple operating fields were developed,a collaborative development mode between rail transit and city space was formed.In the 1960 s,confronting urban dilemmas such as the massive population concentration,unordered urban sprawl and excessive traffic congestion,Japanese National Railway took prompt actions to a major investment on strengthening mainline corridor and improving commuting service around Tokyo metropolitan area.The actions were critical for the formation of"metropolitan area on the track".And at the meantime,Japanese National Railway has also been reformed and embraced a transition process to a new stage.After years of development,Tokyo metropolitan area has integrated its multiple networks with each rail system playing a particular role based on its own advantages.The development process has also shown that the mechanisms of taking the economic benefit and market competition as the center are the core strength for the high-quality development of rail transit in the metropolitan area.

关 键 词：东京都市圈 轨道交通 市郊铁路 国铁改革 多网融合 

分 类 号：U239.5[交通运输工程—道路与铁道工程]