盠驹尊的造型是代表骡驹吗?  

Does the shape of “Liju” Zun represent a mule foal?

作　　者：孙机 Sun Ji

机构地区：[1]中国国家博物馆,北京100006

出　　处：《中国国家博物馆馆刊》2021年第9期136-140,共5页Journal of National Museum of China

摘　　要：中国国家博物馆藏西周盠驹尊之驹的品种应是马驹,但在近年来出版书报中有时却被认为是骡驹。这主要是因为西汉中叶以前,我国自产之马主要由普氏野马繁衍而来,其体型头大腿短,和现代人印象中的马不太一样。西汉中期以后,迫于北方娴习骑射之匈奴族的军事压力,改良马种成为国家的战备要务,大宛马成为当时良马之首选,中国良马体型与前遂大不相同。文物反映出的往往是时代共性,既为当时客观条件所孕育,又为当时文化风尚所引领。如果研究者未把握住个别和一般之间的辩证关系,迳认为商代铜簋上的"写照"是骡,周王在马政典礼上颁赐的是骡驹,就会被一叶障目,认识不到历史之主流的更替了。The shape of "Liju" zun of the Western Zhou Dynasty stowed at the National Museum of China should be a horse foal, but publications of recent years sometimes mistake it for a mule foal. This misconception is mainly because that before the Mid-Western Han Dynasty, homebred horses originated from Przewalski’s wild horses that had big head and short legs, quite different from current horses. After the Mid-Western Han, due to military pressure from the Huns, improving horse breeds became the country’s top priority for combat readiness and Dayuan horse became the first choice at that time. Cultural relic reflects the commonality of different times but is also influenced by both objective conditions and cultural fashion of the time. If researcher fails to grasp the dialectical relationship between the specific and the general, such as believing that the design on the Shang Dynasty bronze gui is a mule, or what the king of Zhou bestowed at political ceremony was a mule, historical jokes will then be made.

关 键 词：盠驹尊 马驹 骡驹 

分 类 号：K876.41[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]