农业面源污染防治法律制度设计模式的反思与重构  

Reflection and Reconstruction of Legal System Design Mode of Agricultural Non-point Source Pollution Prevention and Control

作　　者：邓小云[1] Deng Xiaoyun

机构地区：[1]河南省社会科学院,郑州450002

出　　处：《中州学刊》2021年第10期49-55,共7页Academic Journal of Zhongzhou

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“农业面源污染防治法律制度创新研究”(19BFX194)。

摘　　要：我国农业面源污染防治法律制度主要针对个体行为发力,在这种制度设计模式下,政府防控农业面源污染的活动是被动履职,成效不够显著。基于农业面源污染的特性,有必要运用总行为控制理论,提升相关立法的精准性和执法的效能。为此,应将总行为控制制度作为农业面源污染防治法的核心制度,将环境质量目标作为总行为控制制度的唯一目标,通过制度扬弃,形成系统、高效的农业面源污染防治制度体系。该制度体系的实施路径是:以流域为环境保护的目标单位,以目标单位水污染物容纳能力为依据,设定农业面源污染物许可排放总量,据此分配具体区域的排放量,地方政府通过执行农业环境税收、补贴等制度,使个体排放行为总量不超出区域排放量。China′s legal system for the prevention and control of agricultural non-point source pollution mainly focuses on individual behaviors.Under this system design mode,the government′s activities to prevent and control agricultural non-point source pollution are passive,and the results are not significant enough.Based on the characteristics of agricultural non-point source pollution,it is necessary to use the total behavior control theory to improve the accuracy of relevant legislation and the efficiency of law enforcement.Therefore,we should take the overall behavior control system as the core system of agricultural non-point source pollution prevention and control law,take the environmental quality goal as the only goal of the overall behavior control system,and form a systematic and efficient agricultural non-point source pollution prevention and control system through system sublation.The implementation path of the system is:taking the river basin as the target unit of environmental protection and based on the water pollutant holding capacity of the target unit,set the total allowable emission of agricultural non-point source pollutants,and allocate the emission of specific regions accordingly.Local governments shall ensure the total amount of individual emissions does not exceed regional emissions through implementing agricultural environmental tax,subsidy and other systems.

关 键 词：农业面源污染 惩罚主义 总行为控制 环境质量目标 

分 类 号：D922.68[政治法律—环境与资源保护法学]