基于压电陶瓷作用的气体主轴抑振研究  

Research on Vibration Suppression of Gas Spindle Based on Piezoelectric Ceramics

作　　者：陈东菊[1] 梁栋[1] 赵优 田汉青 CHEN Dongju;LIANG Dong;ZHAO You;TIAN Hanqing(Beijing Key Lab. of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, Dept. of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China;Haite Garden Primary School, Shijingshan District,Beijing 100041,China)

机构地区：[1]北京工业大学材料与制造学部先进制造技术北京市重点实验室,北京100124 [2]北京市石景山区海特花园小学,北京100041

出　　处：《压电与声光》2021年第5期670-675,共6页Piezoelectrics & Acoustooptics

摘　　要：针对空气静压主轴气膜刚度不高,在工作中易受自身及外部激励的影响,从而产生不平衡振动的现象,设计了一种基于压电陶瓷的可控空气静压径向轴承,研究了压电陶瓷的相关特性。结合气体主轴建立了轴承-转子-压电陶瓷的耦合模型,并在此基础上建立了基于扩张观测器的滑模控制器,同时将压电陶瓷综合控制器串联其中,在限制条件内利用控制器使压电陶瓷挤压气膜为主轴提供有效的主动控制力,从而抑制空气静压主轴的振动。研究结果表明,利用压电陶瓷对空气静压主轴系统的振动进行抑制取得了良好的效果,对于主要控制点可使其振动位移减小99.17%,对于次要控制点均有不同程度的减振效果,最多可减少94.36%。Aiming at the phenomenon that the air film stiffness of the aerostatic spindle is not high and it is easily to be affected by its own and external excitations during work,resulting in unbalanced vibration,a piezoelectric ceramic-based controllable aerostatic radial bearing is designed,and the related characteristics of piezoelectric ceramics are further studied.The coupling model of bearing-rotor-piezoelectric ceramics is established in combination with the gas spindle.On this basis,a sliding mode controller based on the expansion observer which is connected with the piezoelectric ceramic integrated controller is established.The piezoelectric ceramic squeeze air film is used to provide effective active control force for the aerostatic spindle by using the controller within the restricted conditions,thereby suppressing the vibration of the aerostatic spindle.The research results show that the use of piezoelectric ceramics to suppress the vibration of the aerostatic spindle system has achieved good results.The vibration displacement of the main control points can be reduced by 99.17%,and the secondary control points have different degrees of vibration reduction which can be reduced by 94.36%at most.

关 键 词：空气静压主轴 压电陶瓷 麦克斯韦模型 耦合模型 扩张观测器滑模控制 振动抑制 

分 类 号：TH134[机械工程—机械制造及自动化] TP13[自动化与计算机技术—控制理论与控制工程]