歌德《浮士德》中的战争形式与战争伦理  

The Forms and Ethics of War in Goethe’s Faust

作　　者：谷裕[1] GU Yu

机构地区：[1]北京大学外国语学院德语系

出　　处：《国外文学》2021年第3期71-81,158,共12页Foreign Literatures

摘　　要：歌德生逢欧洲史上一个战争高峰,同时这也是近代战争向现代战争的过渡时期。《浮士德》第四幕第二场上演军事作战,以歌德对战争的实践和知识为基础,融合战争文化、战争史、兵法战术、军事理论,在揭示战争本质、战争与政治秩序关系的同时,交错推演了中古骑士、近代正规军以及魔法诡道等不同作战形式。戏剧采用传统舞台呈现战争的形式,以隐喻、寓意剧等修辞,探讨了形式背后的伦理问题。歌德认为战争是魔鬼的事业,但同时为人类既有之物,因此是遵循战争礼仪规则、战争艺术和理性原则,还是让战争为纯粹的魔法诡道所支配,是《浮士德》剧提出的伦理选择。Goethe was born at the peak of war in European history and this period embodied also the transition from pre-modern war to modern war. Faust depicts military operations in the second scene of the fourth act. Based on Goethe’s practice and knowledge of war,it integrates war culture,war history,military tactics and military theories to reveal the essence of war and the relationship between war and the political order. The drama uses the traditional stage to present the form of war,using metaphors,allegories and other rhetorical devices to explore the ethical issues behind the form. Goethe believes that war is the devil’s business,but at the same time it is something that human beings are capable of. Therefore,whether to follow the rules of war,the art of war and the principles of reason,or to let war be dominated by pure magic tricks,is the ethical choice proposed by the play.

关 键 词：歌德 《浮士德》 战争形式 战争伦理 

分 类 号：I516.073[文学—其他各国文学]