几种新型叠氮增塑剂的热力学特性研究  

Study on Thermodynamic Properties of Several Innovative Azide Plasticizers

作　　者：张衡 王勇[3] 任晓宁 杨利[1] 贾永杰[2] 汪营磊[2] ZHANG Heng;WANG Yong;REN Xiao-ning;YANG Li;JIA Yong-jie;WANG Ying-lei(State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China;Xi′an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi′an 710065, China;Liaoning Qingyang Chemical Industrial Corporation, Liaoyang Liaoning 111002, China)

机构地区：[1]北京理工大学爆炸科学与技术国家重点实验室,北京100081 [2]西安近代化学研究所,陕西西安710065 [3]辽宁庆阳特种化工有限公司,辽宁辽阳111002

出　　处：《火炸药学报》2021年第5期589-594,共6页Chinese Journal of Explosives & Propellants

基　　金：National Natural Science Foundation(No.21473130)。

摘　　要：为研究分子结构和组成对叠氮增塑剂热力学特性的影响规律,设计了几种结构相似的新型叠氮增塑剂;采用微量热差示扫描量热法测量了其比热容;采用氧弹量热法测量了其燃烧热,计算了生成焓;设计了含不同增塑剂的发射药配方,通过内能法计算了配方的能量性能。结果表明,增塑剂比热容值与分子中主链长度和侧链官能团数量有关;增塑剂燃烧热值与碳含量及碳氢比有关,标准摩尔生成焓随着氮含量的增加而升高,1,5-二叠氮基-3-氧杂戊烷(AZDEGDN)、1-叠氮乙酰氧基-2,2-叠氮甲基-3-叠氮丙烷(TAMPAA)具有较高的生成焓,分别为585kJ/mol和1212kJ/mol;与含叠氮硝胺(DIANP)配方相比,含AZDEGDN配方的火药力提高了5J/g,爆温降低了128K,含TAMPAA配方的火药力提高20J/g,爆温仅升高36K。To study the effects of molecular structure and composition on the thermodynamic properties of azide plasticizer,several innovative azide plasticizers with similar molecular structure were designed.The specific heat capacities of the plasticizers were measured by using micro DSC.The combustion heats of plasticizers were measured by oxygen-bomb calorimeter,and the standard molar enthalpies of formation were calculated.The gun propellant formulations with different plasticizers were designed,and their energetic properties were calculated by means of internal energy method.The results show that the specific heat capacities increase with increasing the main chain and the number of functional groups in the side chain.The combustion heat increases with an increase in carbon content and a decrease in the carbon-hydrogen ratio.The standard molar enthalpy of formation increases with an increase in nitrogen content.1,5-diazido-3-oxapentane(AZDEGDN)and 1-azido acetoxy-2,2-azido methyl-3-azido propane(TAMPAA)have high positive heats of formation,which are 585kJ/mol and 1212kJ/mol,respectively.The force constant of AZDEGDN-based propellant is higher by 5J/g than that of DIANP-based propellant,while the flame temperature is decrased by 128K.The force constant of TAMPAA-based propellant is higher by 20J/g than that of DIANP-based propellant,and the flame temperature is increased by 36K.

关 键 词：物理化学 叠氮增塑剂 比热容 燃烧热 标准摩尔生成焓 

分 类 号：TJ55[兵器科学与技术—军事化学与烟火技术] O642[理学—物理化学]