环状N^(-)_(5)离子盐(N_(5))_(6)(H_(3)O)_(3)(NH_(4))_(4)Cl的合成反应热效应  

Thermal Effects of Synthesis Process of Cyclo-pentazolate Salt(N_(5))_(6)(H_(3)O)_(3)(NH_(4))_(4)Cl

作　　者：张敏[1] 刘红利[1] 许诚[1] 丁可伟[1,2] 郭松松 屈晨曦 葛忠学 ZHANG Min;LIU Hong-li;XU Cheng;DING Ke-wei;GUO Song-song;QU Chen-xi;GE Zhong-xue(Xi′an Modern Chemistry Research Institute,Xi′an 710065,China;State Key Laboratory of Fluorine&Nitrogen Chemicals,Xi′an 710065,China)

机构地区：[1]西安近代化学研究所,陕西西安710065 [2]氟氮化工资源高效开发与利用国家重点实验室,陕西西安710065

出　　处：《火炸药学报》2021年第5期610-614,共5页Chinese Journal of Explosives & Propellants

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(No.11904281)。

摘　　要：为评价环状N^(-)_(5)离子盐(N_(5))_(6)(H_(3)O)_(3)(NH_(4))_(4)Cl合成反应过程的危险性,利用反应量热仪RC1e分别对(N_(5))_(6)(H_(3)O)_(3)(NH_(4))_(4)Cl合成过程中重氮化反应、环化反应及氧化切断反应的热释放规律进行研究,获得了各步反应的放热量、最大放热速率、单位质量放热量及比热容等数据,从而确定了各反应阶段的危险等级。结果表明,重氮化反应、环化反应以及氧化切断反应3个反应阶段的总放热量分别为5.624、19.638及-0.815kJ,最大放热速率分别为25.05、12.34及2.76W,单位质量放热量分别为72.85、74.37及-10.36J/g,反应体系的绝热温升分别为27.99、23.15及-8.08K;酸化-重氮化反应、环化反应过程属于典型的加料控制型放热反应,氧化-切断反应过程比较温和;合成(N_(5))_(6)(H_(3)O)_(3)(NH_(4))_(4)Cl的三步反应的危险等级均为低危险等级。To evaluate the thermal hazards of the synthesis process of(N_(5))_(6)(H_(3)O)_(3)(NH_(4))_(4)Cl,the heat emission behaviors of the synthesis processes including diazotization,cycloaddition and oxidative cleavage of(N_(5))_(6)(H_(3)O)_(3)(NH_(4))_(4)Cl were investigated by using reaction calorimeter RC1e.The reaction thermodynamic data including exothermic heat for each step,maximum heat generation rate,heat capacity and reaction heat per unit mass were determined.The results show that the total exothermic heat of diazotization,cycloaddition and oxidative cleavage reactions are 5.624,19.638 and-0.815kJ.The maximum heat generation rates are 25.05,12.34 and 2.76W.The reaction heats per unit mass are 72.85,74.37 and-10.36J/g.The adiabatic temperature rises are 27.99,23.15 and-8.08K.Diazotization and cycloaddition reaction are exothermic controlled by dosage,and the oxidative cleavage reaction is relatively mild.Based on the above results,hazard grades of the three steps in synthesizing of(N_(5))_(6)(H_(3)O)_(3)(NH_(4))_(4)Cl are all low risk.

关 键 词：有机化学 (N_(5))_(6)(H_(3)O)_(3)(NH_(4))_(4)Cl 反应热效应 全氮材料 反应危险性 

分 类 号：TJ55[兵器科学与技术—军事化学与烟火技术] O62[理学—有机化学]