20世纪初美国的中西医论争  

A Debate Between Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine in the United States in the Early 20 Century

作　　者：张大庆[1] ZHANG Daqing(School of Health Humanities/Department of the Huston of Science,Technology and Medicine,Peking University,Beijing 100191,China)

机构地区：[1]北京大学医学人文学院/北京大学科学技术与医学史系,北京100191

出　　处：《中国科技史杂志》2021年第3期322-334,F0002,共14页The Chinese Journal for the History of Science and Technology

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“当代重大传染病防治史研究及数据库建设”(项目编号:20&ZD224)。

摘　　要：文章论述了中医在美国的早期传播及其引发的中西医论争。19世纪末,仅有少数美国人对中医的针灸与药物颇有兴趣,将其作为一种来自东方的新奇疗法进行尝试与研究。中医作为华人移民的主要医疗方式,因其疗效颇佳,也逐渐吸引了普通美国民众前来就医。囿于中西文化差异,又涉及当时美国医学界的"正规"与"非正规"之争,在美中医开业者就中医药有效性、合法性和科学性等问题与反对者进行了一系列的论战,并取得了一定成效。他们一方面怀有对中医药疗效的自信,另一方面汲取西方医学知识,因地制宜,应对挑战,既显示出中医文化在异域环境中的生命力,也呈现了中西方医学交流对人们健康观、疾病观与治疗观的重塑。This paper discusses the early spread of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)in the United States and the controversy about TCM and Western medicine.At the end of the 19th century,a few of the America elite were interested in the acupuncture and herbs as a novel treatment method from the East.While TCM provided medical service for Chinese immigrants,it had gradually influenced some Americans to seek medical care because of its excellent efficacy.However,due to the cultural differences between China and the West and the debate on the"orthodox"versus"unorthodox"in American medical professional at that time,TCM was also considered"unorthodox"in the United States.The practitioners of TCM in the United States conducted a wide range of debates with the opponents in terms of the validity,legality and scientific part of TCM,and achieved certain positive results.The early Chinese medicine practitioners in the United States were confident in the culture of Chinese medicine and had the innovative spirit to adapt to the new social environment.They could make use of the knowledge of Western medicine in the right way and learn from each other to cope with the new situation.It shows that the interaction of various forces of the cultural exchange between China and the West can reshape ideas on health,disease and treatment.

关 键 词：中西医论争 20世纪初 中美医学交流 

分 类 号：N09[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学] R2[医药卫生—中医学]