被隐去的女病案——中国首例哥罗芳麻醉术新考  

The Deleted Medical Records of Female Patients:A New Study on the First Operation Using Chloroform as Anaesthetic in China

作　　者：陈琦[1] CHEN Qi(School of Health Humanities,Peking University,Beijing 100191,China)

机构地区：[1]北京大学医学人文学院,北京100191

出　　处：《中国科技史杂志》2021年第3期345-355,共11页The Chinese Journal for the History of Science and Technology

基　　金：中国科学院自然科学史研究所“科技知识的创造与传播”重大项目“近代西医技术在中国的传播”(项目编号:Y250011017)。

摘　　要：麻醉的传入是西医东渐的标志性事件之一。关于中国首例成功哥罗芳麻醉术的日期说法不一,但却均称依据的是传教士医生伯驾发表在《中国丛报》上的医院报告。经查对,发现其实这些日期都不是《中国丛报》中首例成功哥罗芳麻醉术的时间。究其原因,主要是未注意到该报告病例并没按时间排序,病例号后的日期为首诊或手术日期并不统一,而且出现"首次"字样指的是患者或该病种的首次麻醉术而非医院的首次麻醉手术。研究还发现医院报告的单行本比公开发行版本多了两个哥罗芳麻醉病例,而且都是女性外生殖器手术。第一例女患者的手术时间是1849年6月初,早于《中国丛报》上的其他病例。《中国丛报》隐去这两例女病案,可能是传教士们面对中国传统的性别隔离文化所采取的适应性选择。The introduction of anesthesia is one of the symbolic events of the eastward transmission of western medicine.There are different accounts of the date for the first successful operation which used chloroform as anaesthetic in China.All of the previous studies claimed that their findings were from the hospital reports published in the Chinese Repository by Peter Parker,a medical missionary from America.None of the dates proposed in those studies,however,were found to be the first time when chloroform anesthesia had been used in the operation reported in Chinese Repository.The main reasons for this mistake are possibly that the reported cases are not listed in the chronological order,and the dates written after the case numbers are not consistent,some of them being those when the patients first came to the hospital,while others being the dates of the surgery.And the word"first"refers to the first anesthesia used on the patient or the disease rather than the first operation that used anesthesia in the hospital.The study has also found that the offprint of the hospital’s records had two more cases of chloroform anaesthesia surgery,both of them were female genital surgery.The first one took place at the beginning of the June in 1849,earlier than all the cases recorded in Chinese Repository.The omission of these two women’s medical records may be an adaptive choice taken by the missionaries in the face of the traditional culture of gender segregation in China.

关 键 词：哥罗芳 麻醉手术 女病案 伯驾 

分 类 号：N092[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学] R4[医药卫生—临床医学]