由祖冲之《驳议》看大明历法创设理路  

The Underlying Theoretical Path of the Daming Calendar as Seen from the Author Zu Chongzhi’s Refutations in Defense of the Calendar

作　　者：邓可卉[1] DENG Kehui(College of Humanities and Social Scienres,Donghua University,Shanghai 200051,China)

机构地区：[1]东华大学人文学院,上海200051

出　　处：《中国科技史杂志》2021年第3期394-402,共9页The Chinese Journal for the History of Science and Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(项目编号:10773006);国家社科基金重大项目(项目编号:15ZDB029);中央高校专项资金东华大学纺织文化研究基地项目(项目编号:21D111006)。

摘　　要：祖冲之在他的大明历中有一系列新的发明创造,对后世影响深远。文章认为,祖冲之大明历的许多创设除了延续何承天的想法,他的上大明历表和《驳议》更是表达了他本人的历法思想。本文通过分析祖冲之一系列创造性工作的源头——晷影漏刻的测算,论证了祖冲之"信而有征"的历法思想;祖冲之重视构建一个"数皆协同"的历法体系,主要体现在大明历中回归年、章闰和岁差等常数的取得;大明历又称七曜甲子元历,体现了"元值始名,体明理正"的历法整体思想,但是他追求历法适用于将来的目标太过理想了。文章还分析了祖冲之关于非为合验天思想的新见解。Zu Chongzhi made a series of inventions and innovations in his Daming Calendar.In addition to inheriting the ideas of his predecessor He Chengtian,Zu also expressed his calendric thought in his letter of the Calendar to the emperor and in his Refutations in defense of the Calendar.His measurement and calculation on shadow and clock were the source of his creative work.This paper demonstrates a set of ideas of Zu Chongzhi.Zu devoted his all energies to constructing a calendar system including the constants of a tropical year,the intercalary cycle and the precession.Zu’s mathematical thought about the combination of shape and number was based on his measurement and calculation.That the Daming Calendar was also known as the Primal Calendar beginning with a cycle of sixty years of Seven Luminaries reflects his whole thinking of calendric.His purpose of applying it to the future was excessively ideal.The paper also analyses his new opinion on the idea of not making heavens conform to particular human preferences.

关 键 词：大明历 《驳议》 晷影漏刻 章闰 岁差 

分 类 号：N092[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学] P194[天文地球—天文学]