美国数据战略:背景、内涵与挑战  

The U.S.Data Strategy:Background,Intentions and Challenges

作　　者：杨楠 YANG Nan

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院美国研究所

出　　处：《当代美国评论》2021年第3期76-92,123,共18页Contemporary American Review

基　　金：国家社科基金重点项目“《中导条约》之后的国际核秩序研究”(项目编号:20AGJ007);国家社科基金后期资助项目“美国国家安全委员会与美国国际战略”(项目编号:20FGJB002)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：美国政府长期秉持数据开放和数据自由流动相结合的数据治理理念。近年来,美国相继发布多份数据战略纲领性文件,初步建立了数据战略体系。美国数据战略的形成基于多方面因素,包括中美战略博弈外部环境的变化、保护关键数据的长期考量、提升高科技研发能力以及对私营部门的管理和规制等。美国数据战略内容丰富,主要涵盖数据的使用管理、规则和标准以及数据伦理等。美国在推行数据战略过程中,将面临诸多挑战。在国内层面,各级数据法规衔接不顺畅;在国家间层面,美国希望推行的跨境数据流动规则面临阻碍;在国际层面,美国长期秉持的"数据自由流动"原则广受质疑。The open and free flow of data have long been the core concepts of U.S.data governance.In recent years,a system of data strategy has been put in place with the release of multiple framework documents.The establishment of data strategy could be attributed to many factors,including the changing environment of Sino-U.S.strategic competition,a long-term consideration of critical data protection,improving high-tech research and development,as well as regulating private sectors.The U.S.Data Strategy is informative reflected in the management,standards and ethics of data.Nevertheless,there would be plenty of challenges ahead in launching the strategy.At domestic level,legislative efforts to promote the strategy would be far from streamlined between the federal and local governments.At inter-states level,cross-border data flow desired by the U.S.will face great resistance.Last but not least,the notion of"free flow of data"held by the U.S.has been widely questioned at global level.

关 键 词：美国数据战略 数据治理 网络安全 中美战略竞争 

分 类 号：D771.2[政治法律—政治学]