应用能谱-扫描电镜分析铜矿床伴生元素的赋存状态  

Occurrence of Associated Elements in a Copper Mine by EDX-SEM

作　　者：王冠 戴婕[1] 王坤阳[1] 杨颖[1] 胡志中[1] WANG Guan;DAI Jie;WANG Kun-yang;YANG Yin;HU Zhi-zhong(Chengdu Centre of Geological Survey,China Geological Survey,Chengdu 610081,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地质调查局成都地质调查中心,四川成都610081

出　　处：《岩矿测试》2021年第5期659-669,共11页Rock and Mineral Analysis

基　　金：中国地质调查局地质调查项目“镍矿石中主次元素分析及铜矿成矿元素分析方法研究”(1212011120267)。

摘　　要：铜矿床中的伴生元素通常具有较高经济价值,其矿物颗粒细小,往往从微米级到纳米级,因此难以被发现和获得利用,进而导致无法系统地对其赋存状态进行研究。本文以“里伍式”铜矿床中的矿石矿物为研究对象,通过背散射图像、二次电子像观察以及X射线光谱点、线与面分析技术的相互佐证,获得铜矿床伴生元素矿物物相、形貌特征、赋存状态、定性/定量及分布规律等信息。实验中选取扫描电镜的加速电压20kV、发射电流10μA、能谱脉冲处理活时间100s,同时对样品前处理、测试过程中的关键技术进行详细探讨,形成了一套有效的分析铜矿床中有关伴生元素的能谱-扫描电镜(EDX-SEM)微区分析方法。应用该方法分析查明四川里伍铜矿床中金、银、钴、铋、硒等元素的赋存状态,这些元素以独立矿物存在或类质同象的形式分布在其他矿物中。通过对这些伴生元素赋存状态的研究,为矿物工业价值的认定、矿床资源评价、伴生元素的回收利用提供了微观依据,为矿山的开采、选矿以及冶炼工艺过程的制定提供了技术支撑。BACKGROUND:Associated elements in copper deposits are of high economic value.However,they are difficult to locate and utilize because of their fine(micrometer to nanometer)size.OBJECTIVES:To develop a method for determining the occurrence of associated elements in copper deposits.METHODS:Backscatter image,secondary electron image,X-ray spectrum point,line and mapping analysis technology were used to determine the mineral phases,morphological characteristics,occurrence,qualitative/quantitative and distribution laws of the associated elements of the copper deposit.The acceleration voltage of the scanning electron microscope was 20kV,the emission current was 10μA,and the energy spectrum dwelling time was 100s.RESULTS:The key technologies in the sample pretreatment and analysis were discussed in detail to form a set of effective analyses of copper deposits.The energy spectrum-scanning electron microscope(EDX-SEM)microanalysis method of associated elements was established.Gold,silver,cobalt,bismuth,and selenium were all distributed in other minerals in the form of independent minerals or isomorphic substitution.CONCLUSIONS:Through the study of the occurrence of the associated elements,a micro basis for the identification of mineral industrial value,mine resource evaluation,and the recovery and utilization of associated elements has been established,and provides technical support for mining,beneficiation and smelting formulation.

关 键 词：能谱-扫描电镜 铜矿床 伴生元素 赋存状态 类质同象 

分 类 号：P575.2[天文地球—矿物学]