美国如何建构国际资信评估制度话语权  

How the U.S.Covertly Constructs the Discourse Power of International Credit Rating Institutions

作　　者：王向阳 赵磊[2] Wang Xiangyang;Zhao Lei(Department of Diplomacy and Foreign Affairs Management,CFAU,Beijing 100037,China;Party School of the Central Committee of C.P.C.(National Academy of Governance),Beijing 100091,China)

机构地区：[1]外交学院外交学与外事管理系,北京100037 [2]中共中央党校(国家行政学院)国际战略研究院,北京100091

出　　处：《学术探索》2021年第10期30-36,共7页Academic Exploration

基　　金：2016年国家社会科学基金重大项目(16ZDA152);2019年国家社会科学基金重大课题(19ZDA135)。

摘　　要：美国在国际资信评估市场拥有绝对的话语地位,来自美国资信评估机构的评级意见常被广大投资者奉为圭臬。美国资信评估机构的评级意见缘何被广大投资者接受?又如何在资信评估发展的过程中获得制度性话语权?回顾美国资信评估发展的历程,其依靠百年历史积累的声誉、国际金融运营的路径依赖和国家认可特许的价值红利,通过在评级指标设置中渗透美国价值观、评级标准中预设美国价值取向、分析方法中模糊政治价值倾向,同时维持评级结果的“中立性”,从而技术性地植入话语“霸权”。面对美国资信评估话语垄断,各国开始谋求推动评级体系改革、加强立法监管和创设新的评级机构,争夺资信评估的制度性话语权。The United States has an absolute position in the international credit rating market,and the rating opinions from US credit rating agencies are often regarded as the standard by the majority of investors.Why are the ratings opinions of American credit rating agencies are so popular with the majority of investors?How to gain institutional voice while credit evaluation develops?A review of the history the development of credit rating in the United States shows that it relies on the reputation accumulated over a century of history,the path dependence of international financial operations,and the value dividend of nationally recognized franchise,the penetration of American values in the setting of rating indicators,the presetting of American value orientation,and the blurring of the political value tendency in method analysis while maintaining the“neutrality”of the rating results,thereby technically implanting the“hegemony”of the discourse.Facing the monopoly of the discourse of credit evaluation in the United States,other countries have begun to seek to promote the reform of the rating system,strengthen legislative supervision,and create new rating agencies to compete for the institutional discourse of credit rating.

关 键 词：资信评估 制度性话语权 话语霸权 美国价值观 

分 类 号：D813.7[政治法律—国际关系]