饲粮色氨酸水平对肉鸡生长性能、血清生化指标、器官指数及肠道组织形态的影响  

Effects of Dietary Tryptophan Levels on Growth Performance,Serum Biochemical Indices,Organ Indexes and Intestinal Morphology of Broilers

作　　者：伏春燕 董以雷[1] 阎佩佩[1] 王文彬 燕磊 黄河 朱应波 魏祥法[1] 刘瑞亭[1] 石天虹[1] 刘雪兰[1] FU Chunyan;DONG Yilei;YAN Peipei;WANG Wenbin;YAN Lei;HUANG He;ZHU Yingbo;WEI Xiangfa;LIU Ruiting;SHI Tianhong;LIU Xuelan(Poultry Institute,Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Jinan 250023,China;Shandong New Hope Liuhe Group Co.,Ltd.,Qingdao 266100,China;Dongying Blue Sea Ecological Aquaculture Company,Dongying 257100,China)

机构地区：[1]山东省农业科学院家禽研究所,济南250023 [2]山东新希望六和集团有限公司,青岛266100 [3]东营蓝海生态养殖公司,东营257100

出　　处：《动物营养学报》2021年第10期5545-5556,共12页CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION

基　　金：山东省重大科技创新工程项目(2019JZZY020602,2019JZZY020611);山东省农业科学院农业科技创新工程(CXGC2020D01);东营市科技计划项目(2020JCYJ105);东营市生态农牧业生物技术重点实验室;国家自然科学基金项目(31902176);山东省自然科学基金项目(ZR2019BC005)。

摘　　要：本试验旨在研究色氨酸作为功能性氨基酸,对肉鸡生长性能、血清生化指标、器官指数及肠道组织形态的影响。试验采用单因素6水平试验设计。选取1日龄爱拔益加(AA)肉用仔鸡720只,随机分为6组,每组6个重复,每个重复20只。对照组饲喂基础饲粮(色氨酸水平1~21日龄为0.23%,22~42日龄为0.20%),5个试验组分别在基础饲粮中添加0.03%、0.06%、0.09%、0.12%、0.15%的色氨酸。试验鸡自由采食和饮水,试验期42 d。结果显示:1)与对照组相比,基础饲粮添加0.03%和0.12%色氨酸显著降低了21日龄肉鸡体重(P<0.05),添加0.03%、0.09%、0.12%色氨酸显著降低了1~21日龄肉鸡的平均日采食量(ADFI)、平均日增重(ADG)(P<0.05);添加色氨酸对42日龄肉鸡体重,22~42日龄和1~42日龄ADFI、ADG、料重比(F/G)以及1~21日龄F/G均没有显著影响(P>0.05)。2)与对照组相比,基础饲粮添加0.12%色氨酸显著升高了21日龄肉鸡的胸腺指数(P<0.05),显著降低了肝脏指数(P<0.05),添加0.15%色氨酸显著降低了21日龄肉鸡的胸腺指数和肝脏指数(P<0.05),且胸腺指数随色氨酸添加水平的增加呈二次曲线显著增加(P<0.05),而肝脏指数呈线性和二次曲线显著降低(P<0.05);基础饲粮中添加色氨酸对42日龄肉鸡的器官指数均没有显著影响(P>0.05)。3)与对照组相比,基础饲粮中添加0.06%色氨酸显著升高了21和42日龄肉鸡血清中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性(P<0.05),且随色氨酸添加水平的升高,21和42日龄肉鸡血清SOD活性呈显著二次曲线升高(P<0.05),21日龄肉鸡血清中总抗氧化力、丙二醛含量呈显著线性和二次曲线降低(P<0.05)。4)与对照组相比,基础饲粮中添加0.09%色氨酸显著升高了21日龄肉鸡血清中免疫球蛋白A含量(P<0.05)。5)与对照组相比,基础饲粮中添加0.12%、0.15%色氨酸显著降低了21日龄肉鸡十二指肠绒毛高度(VH)(P<0.05),显著增加了空肠和回肠的VH和隐窝深度(CD)(P<0.05)。基础�This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of tryptophan,as functional amino acids,on growth performance,serum biochemical indices,organ indexes,and intestinal morphology of broilers. A single factor and six addition levels of trial was designed. A total of 360 one-day-old male Arbor Acres broilers were randomly divided into 6 groups with 6 replicates per group and 20 birds per replicate. Broilers in the control group were fed a basal diet(the tryptophan level was 0.23% at 1 to 21 days of age and 0.20% at 22 to 42 days of age),and others in the 5 experimental groups were fed the basal diet supplemented with 0. 03%,0.06%,0.09%,0.12% and 0.15% tryptophan,respectively. The chickens were free to feed and drink. And the experiment lasted for 42 days. The results showed as follows:1)compared with the control group,0.03%and 0.12% tryptophan supplementation significantly reduced the body weight of broilers at 21 days of age(P<0.05),while 0.03%,0.09% and 0.12% tryptophan supplementation significantly decreased the average daily feed intake(ADFI),the average daily gain(ADG)and the feed to gain ratio(F/G)of broiler from 1 to 21 days of age(P<0.05). The supplementation of tryptophan in basal diets has no significant influence on the body weight of broilers at 42 days of age,and the ADFI,ADG,and feed/gain(F/G)of broilers at 22 to 42 days of age,or 1 to 42 days of age,as well as the F/G of broilers at 1 to 21 days of age(P>0.05). 2)Compared with control group,0. 12% tryptophan supplementation significantly increased the thymus index(P <0.05),but significantly decreased the liver index of broilers at 21 days of age(P<0.05). 0.15% tryptophan supplementation significantly decreased the thymus index and liver index of broilers at 21 days of age(P <0.05). The thymus index significantly increased quadratically with the supplementation of tryptophan(P <0.05),while the liver index was significantly decreased linearly and quadratically(P<0.05). The supplementation of tryptophan in basal diet had no influence on the organ

关 键 词：色氨酸 肉鸡 生长性能 免疫和抗氧化功能 器官指数 肠道发育 

分 类 号：S831[农业科学—畜牧学]