花前渍水锻炼调控花后小麦耐渍性的生理机制研究  

Physiological mechanisms of pre-anthesis waterlogging priming on waterlog-ging stress tolerance under post-anthesis in wheat

作　　者：马博闻 李庆 蔡剑 周琴 黄梅 戴廷波 王笑 姜东 MA Bo-Wen;LI Qing;CAI Jian;ZHOU Qin;HUANG Mei;DAI Ting-Bo;WANG Xiao;JIANG Dong(College Agronomy,Nanjing Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management of Ministry of Agriculture,Nanjing 210095,Jiangsu,China)

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学农学院/农业部作物生理生态与生产管理重点实验室,江苏南京210095

出　　处：《作物学报》2022年第1期151-164,共14页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0300107,2017YFD0300205);国家自然科学基金项目(31771693,U1803235);国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-03);江苏省协同创新中心项目(JCIC-MCP)资助。

摘　　要：采用对渍水胁迫和渍水锻炼响应差异的小麦品种为材料,在四叶一心期和六叶一心期分别进行渍水锻炼2 d;在开花后7d进行渍水胁迫5d,分析不同小麦品种对渍水胁迫响应的差异及其生理机制。结果表明,花后渍水胁迫显著降低旗叶叶绿素含量(SPAD)和实际光化学效率(ΦPSⅡ),抑制花后光合同化物积累(PAA),导致籽粒千粒重和产量降低;与不耐渍型品种相比,耐渍型品种在渍水胁迫下可维持较高的SPAD、ΦPSⅡ和PAA,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)以及谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)酶活性提高,过氧化氢(H2O2)、超氧阴离子自由基(O2-)和丙二醛(MDA)含量较低。与花前未进行渍水锻炼和花后渍水处理(NW)相比,花前渍水锻炼和花后渍水处理(PW)下,渍水锻炼敏感型品种较渍水锻炼不敏感品种显著提高了花后渍水胁迫下小麦旗叶SPAD (8.8%)和ΦPSⅡ(17.6%)、降低非调节性能量耗散ΦNO (10.7%)和调节性能量耗散ΦNPQ (16.5%),提升SOD (15.8%)、CAT (17.8%)、APX (8.9%)以及GR (30.7%)酶活性,增加了叶片可溶性糖(17.5%)和蔗糖含量(21.6%),促进花前贮藏物质向籽粒的转运率REP(20.0%),同步提升PAA(10.8%)。与不耐渍型品种相比,耐渍型小麦品种在花后渍水胁迫下旗叶的光合能力、抗氧化能力和干物质向籽粒的转运能力更强。花前渍水锻炼提高了各品种小麦花后渍水胁迫下旗叶的光合能力、抗氧化能力和干物质向籽粒的转运能力,增强了小麦耐渍性;与渍水锻炼不敏感型品种相比,渍水锻炼敏感型品种的光合能力和抗氧化酶活性增幅较大。In order to investigate the responses and mechanisms of different wheat varieties to waterlogging stress and waterlog-ging priming,waterlogging priming was conducted for two days at the four-leaf and six-leaf stages,respectively,and waterlogging stress was performed for five days at post-anthesis using wheat varieties with different responses to waterlogging stress and waterlogging priming as experimental materials.Results showed that waterlogging stress significantly reduced chlorophyll content(SPAD)and actual photochemical efficiency(ΦPSⅡ),inhibited the accumulation of post-anthesis photosynthetic assimilation ac-cumulation(PAA),decreased kernel weight and grain yield.Compared with the waterlogging-sensitive varieties,the waterlog-ging-tolerance varieties could maintain higher SPAD,ΦPSⅡ and PAA,and higher activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD),Catalase(CAT),ascorbate peroxidase(APX)and glutathione reductase(GR),lower contents of H2O2,O_(2)^(-)production rate and malondialdehyde(MDA)under post-anthesis waterlogging stress.Compared with non-primed plants,primed plants could main-tain higher chlorophyll fluorescence performance and higher activities of antioxidant enzymes.Compared with the waterlogging priming-insensitive varieties,the priming-sensitive varieties increased SPAD(8.8%)andΦPSⅡ(17.6%),decreased the non-regulated energy dissipationΦNO(10.7%)and the regulation energy dissipationΦNPQ(16.5%),increased the activities of SOD(15.8%),CAT(17.8%),APX(8.9%)and GR(30.7%),increased the contents of total soluble sugar(17.5%)and sucrose(21.6%),increased remobilization efficiency of pre-anthesis stored dry matter(REP,20.0%)and PAA(10.8%).The waterlogging tolerant varieties could maintain higher photosynthesis rate,dry matter translocation capacity and activities of antioxidant en-zymes.Compared with waterlogging sensitive varieties,the increase amplitude of photosynthetic ability and antioxidant enzyme activity of priming-sensitive cultivars was higher under waterlogging stress.

关 键 词：小麦 渍水胁迫 渍水锻炼 荧光参数 抗氧化能力 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]