田间开放式增温对东北水稻氮素利用的影响  

Effects of free air temperature increase on nitrogen utilization of rice in northeastern China

作　　者：阮俊梅 张俊[1] 刘猷红 董文军[2] 孟英[2] 邓艾兴[1] 杨万深[1] 宋振伟[1] 张卫建[1] RUAN Jun-Mei;ZHANG Jun;LIU You-Hong;DONG Wen-Jun;MENG Ying;DENG Ai-Xing;YANG Wan-Shen;SONG Zhen-Wei;ZHANG Wei-Jian(Institute of Crop Sciences,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Beijing 100081,China;Institute of Crop Cultivation and Tillage,Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Harbin 150086,Heilongjiang,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院作物科学研究所/农业农村部作物生理生态重点实验室,北京100081 [2]黑龙江省农业科学院耕作栽培研究所,黑龙江哈尔滨150086

出　　处：《作物学报》2022年第1期193-202,共10页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0300104,2016YFD0300501)资助。

摘　　要：东北地区是全球气候变暖趋势最为显著的地区之一,研究预期增温对东北水稻氮素吸收利用的影响,可为区域水稻可持续生产与氮肥优化管理提供借鉴。本研究于2019—2020年在黑龙江省哈尔滨市设置田间开放式增温(free air temperature increase,FATI)系统,大田与盆栽试验相结合,采用^(15)N同位素示踪技术,模拟预期增温(+1.5℃)对水稻产量、氮素利用以及氮肥去向的影响。结果表明,增温促进了水稻地上部干物质积累,与对照相比,大田与盆栽的水稻产量2年平均分别提高10.4%和10.8%;增温显著提高了水稻氮素吸收总量,与对照相比,2年平均增幅达21.3%,但增温处理的氮素籽粒利用效率呈降低趋势;增温处理下水稻从肥料中吸收的氮素显著下降,但从土壤中吸收的氮素显著增加31.1%,导致氮肥回收率降低12.5%,而氮肥损失率增加14.2%。总体来看,增温有增加水稻籽粒产量的趋势,但降低了水稻对肥料氮的吸收比例,导致氮素利用效率降低,氮肥损失率显著增加。在气候变暖背景下,建议合理增加水稻移栽密度,以充分利用温度升高对水稻产量的正向效应,适当减少氮肥施用量、优化氮肥运筹管理,提高水稻氮素利用效率。Northeastern China is one of the regions where are experiencing the most significant global warming trend. Revealing the effects of anticipated warming on nitrogen absorption and utilization of rice in northeastern China can provide reference for regional sustainable production of rice and optimal management of nitrogen fertilizer. In this study, the field and pot experiments were setup based on free air temperature increase(FATI) system in Harbin, Heilongjiang province during 2019 to 2020, combined with 15 N isotope tracer technique, to investigate the effects of anticipated warming(+1.5℃) on rice yield, nitrogen utilization, and the fate of fertilizer nitrogen. The results showed that warming treatment(W) promoted rice above-ground dry-matter accumulation. The mean grain yields in field and pot experiments during 2019 and 2020 under warming treatment were higher by 10.4%and 10.8% than those under control(CK), respectively. Compared with CK, the mean total nitrogen uptake of two years under W treatment significantly increased by 21.3%, however, the nitrogen utilization efficiency of rice grains showed a decreased trend.Under W treatment, the nitrogen absorbed from fertilizer decreased significantly, while the nitrogen absorbed by rice from soil increased by 31.1%, resulting in the reduction of 12.5% in fertilizer nitrogen recovery rate and the increase of 14.2% in fertilizer nitrogen loss rate. Overall, warming tended to increase rice grain yield, but decreased the proportion of fertilizer nitrogen uptake by plant, which leading to the decrease in nitrogen use efficiency and the significant increase in nitrogen loss rate. Under the background of climate warming, it was suggested to reasonably increase the transplanting density of rice to make full use of the positive effect of global warming on rice yield, as well as appropriately reduce the amount of nitrogen fertilizer application and optimize the management of nitrogen fertilizer operation to improve the nitrogen use efficiency of rice.

关 键 词：水稻 气候变暖 开放式增温 同位素示踪技术 氮素吸收与利用 肥料氮去向 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]