华南沿海饮用水水源水库水质变化及影响因素  

Changes of water quality and influencing factors of coastal drinking water reservoir in South China

作　　者：马腾飞 石林 吴超群 黄莹波 MA Tengfei;SHI Lin;WU Chaoqun;HUANG Yingbo(School of Environment and Energy,South China University of Technology,Guangzhou 510641,China;Maoming Hydrology Sub-bureau of Guangdong Hydrology Bureau,Maoming 525000,China)

机构地区：[1]华南理工大学环境与能源学院,广东广州510641 [2]广东省水文局茂名水文分局,广东茂名525000

出　　处：《人民长江》2021年第10期46-54,共9页Yangtze River

基　　金：茂名市科技专项项目(190124024552851);茂名市科技计划项目(190408161701845)。

摘　　要：受热带季风季候影响,华南沿海地区太阳辐射强、气温高,导致水库内部的生物地球化学循环过程具有明显的特异性。为探究其水质的时空变化及影响因素,以粤西沿海重要饮用水水源地——高州水库为例,根据2012~2019年对各主要水质断面的长期监测数据,分析了水库水质的时空变化及污染成因;并利用Kendall趋势检验和污染物通量计算,对各断面污染物浓度的变化及污染负荷定量变化的影响因素进行了分析。结果表明:(1)时间变化方面,研究期内高州水库水质在Ⅱ~Ⅲ类之间,2条入库河流水质为Ⅳ类,最大值均出现在2016年,这是由于受水文气象因素的影响,2016年枯水期间降水量明显高于其他年份所致。(2)空间变化方面,良德水库南部库区的水质优于北部库区,石骨库区的水质整体优于良德库区,而TP由入库断面至出库断面呈不同程度的恶化,表明在径流、水动力作用下迁移至出库区的磷素通过底泥吸收、浮游植物间的相互转化和释放等方式不断累积,导致TP恶化最为严重。(3)Kendall趋势检验方面,TN与上游乡镇的人口密度、工农业生产总值和土地利用方式等有关;TP在没有外源输入的情况下,水库内部通过水力交换与自我调节等方式将磷源进行了释放;NH_(3)-N在降雨、径流作用下浓度显著降低;入库河流的COD_(Mn)含量较高。(4)污染物通量方面,良德库区所受纳的点源与面源污染中氮、磷和有机污染负荷在降低,石骨库区的磷污染负荷下降较为明显,入库河流的NH_(3)-N呈高度显著下降趋势。Affected by the tropical monsoon season,the solar radiation is strong and the temperature is high in coastal areas of South China,resulting in significant specificity of bio-geochemical cycling processes within the reservoirs.In order to investigate the temporal and spatial changes and influencing factors of water quality,this article takes the Gaozhou Reservoir as an example,which was an important drinking water source in the western coast of Guangdong Province.Based on the long-term monitoring data of major water quality sections from 2012 to 2019,the spatial and temporal changes of reservoir water quality and the causes of pollution were analyzed.In addition,the changes of pollutant concentrations at each section and the quantitative changes of pollution load were analyzed by using Kendall trend test and pollutant flux calculation.The results show that:(1)In terms of temporal changes,the water quality of Gaozhou reservoir ranged from ClassⅡto ClassⅢ,and the two inlet rivers was ClassⅣ,with the maximum value occurring in 2016.This was due to the influence of hydro-meteorological factors and the significantly higher precipitation during the dry period in 2016.(2)In terms of spatial variation,the water quality in the southern of Liangde Reservoir was better than that in the northern,and the water quality in the Shigu Reservoir area was better than that in Liangde Reservoir area as a whole.While the TP deteriorated at different degrees from the inlet section to the outlet section,which indicated that under the action of runoff and hydrodynamics the phosphorus migrating to the outlet section accumulated through absorption in the bottom sediment,mutual transformation and release among phytoplankton,resulting in the most serious deterioration of TP.(3)In the Kendall trend test,TN was related to the population density,gross industrial and agricultural products and land use patterns of the upstream townships,and TP was released from the reservoir through hydraulic exchange and self-regulation in the absence of ex

关 键 词：水质变化 影响因素 污染成因 Kendall趋势检验 污染物通量计算 高州水库 水源水库 

分 类 号：X524[环境科学与工程—环境工程]