基于多尺度的空间锂离子蓄电池单体电-热耦合模型  

A Multiscale Electro-Thermal Coupling Model for Space Lithium-ion Batteries

作　　者：宋缙华 丰震河[1,2] 郭向飞 田娟[1] 张兴浩[1] 王可 SONG Jinhua;FENG Zhenhe;GUO Xiangfei;TIAN Juan;ZHANG Xinghao;WANG Ke(Shanghai Institute of Space Power-Sources,Shanghai 200245,China;State Key Laboratory of Space Power-Sources Technology,Shanghai 200245,China)

机构地区：[1]上海空间电源研究所,上海200245 [2]空间电源技术国家重点实验室,上海200245

出　　处：《上海航天（中英文）》2021年第5期17-24,共8页Aerospace Shanghai（Chinese&English）

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2018YFB0905300,2018YFB0905301)。

摘　　要：针对高比能兼顾高功率的锂离子电池,高电极载量、高压实、低电导等特性会显著增加电池大倍率放电的产热和内部温差,传统的热试验方法无法获取电池内部温度分布。将传统热试验与仿真相结合,以能量功率兼顾型空间锂离子蓄电池单体为研究对象,建立了一维电化学与三维热双向耦合模型,获取了电池在绝热环境下不同倍率放电的电压、温度和发热功率变化,仿真结果与实验值吻合度高,分析得到单体电池大倍率放电的本征热安全区间为0~75%放电深度(DOD)。同时,计算发现随着放电倍率的增加,放电结束时电池温度最高区域由电芯内部中心位置逐渐变成正极极柱,最大温差逐渐增大,3 C时达到0.82℃。假设增加底面恒温散热,3 C放电结束的最大温差高达11.18℃。本文建立的模型不仅适用于空间锂离子蓄电池单体的研发,还适用于电池组的热仿真设计。For a lithium-ion battery with high specific energy and high power,its characteristics such as high areal mass loading,high volumetric density,and low conductivity will significantly increase the heat generation and internal temperature gradient when it is discharging at a high rate,and none of existing traditional thermal experiments is capable to obtain the internal temperature distribution.In order to bridge the gap between the temperature distribution and the actual performance of lithium-ion batteries with high specific energy and high power,in this paper,a onedimensional(1 D)electrochemical and three-dimensional(3 D)thermal coupling model is developed.With this model,the voltage,temperature,and heat power at different discharge rates in an adiabatic environment can be obtained,and the simulation results agree well with the experimental values.It is shown that the thermal safe range of a single battery at high discharge rates is 0~75%depth of discharge(DOD).Meanwhile,the maximum temperature region at the end of discharge changes from the internal center to the positive pole with the increase in the discharge rate,and the maximum differential temperature increases gradually until it reaches 0.82℃ at 3 C.If the bottom temperature is constant,the maximum differential temperature at the end of 3 C discharge will be as high as 11.18℃.The model established in this paper is suitable for not only the development of space lithium-ion batteries but also the thermal simulation and design of battery pack.

关 键 词：锂离子电池 电-热耦合仿真 电性能 发热量 温度场 

分 类 号：V423.44[航空宇航科学与技术—飞行器设计]