当社会问题遇到方法论——从一部城市田野志引发的学术论争看美国社会学的危机  

When Social Problems Met Methodology——Disciplinary Crisis of American Sociology from the Perspective of a Controversy over an Urban Ethnography

作　　者：童小溪[1] 战洋 TONG Xiaoxi;ZHAN Yang

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学人文与发展学院 [2]香港理工大学医疗及社会科学院

出　　处：《中国农业大学学报（社会科学版）》2021年第5期111-122,共12页Journal of China Agricultural University;Social Sciences

摘　　要：戈夫曼所著的《在逃:一个美国城市中的逃亡生活》是一部反映当代美国社会矛盾冲突的城市田野志,作者采用了浸入式参与观察方法。该著作受到公共媒体的关注,但也收到学术界一些负面评价,特别是其田野方法和所涉及的伦理问题。有关论争涉及身份政治、科学哲学和公共社会学。从知识社会学角度看,该论争事件显示,社会学知识生产倾向于关注社会问题,特别是在社会矛盾激化时;而社会学的科学品质倾向于要求自治和遵从自我规律,并与社会争议问题保持距离。Alice Goffman s On the Run is an urban ethnography dedicated to the subject of contemporary social problems,using the participant observation method.Her work has drawn considerable public attention,while also received criticisms from the academic,due to its defects in ethnographic method and research ethics.The controversy involves identity politics,philosophy of science and public sociology.From the perspective of the sociology of knowledge,the case of On the Run and public sociology demonstrates that sociology tends to spill over to the public sphere,while the knowledge production of sociology,on the other hand,requires disciplinary autonomy and proper distancing from social conflict.

关 键 词：田野方法 知识社会学 公共社会学 社会问题 研究伦理 

分 类 号：C91[经济管理]