稀土永磁材料力学性能改善方法及加工方法的研究进展  

Research Progress on Mechanical Property Improving Methods and Machining Methods for Rare Earth Permanent Magnetic Materials

作　　者：吕贵红 马峥 肖滕龙 李孝森 刘夏琳 安士忠 LÜ Guihong;MA Zheng;XIAO Tenglong;LI Xiaosen;LIU Xialin;AN Shizhong(School of Materials Science and Engineering,Henan University of Science and Technology,Luoyang 471023,China;Collaborative Innovation Center of Nonferrous Metals,Henan Province,Luoyang 471023,China;Henan Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Materials Science and Processing Technology,Luoyang 471023,China)

机构地区：[1]河南科技大学材料科学与工程学院,洛阳471023 [2]有色金属共性技术河南省协同创新中心,洛阳471023 [3]河南省有色金属材料科学与加工技术重点实验室,洛阳471023

出　　处：《机械工程材料》2021年第9期1-7,共7页Materials For Mechanical Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51701066);河南省大学生创新创业训练计划创新重点项目(202010464032);河南科技大学大学生研究训练计划项目(SRTP 2020027);中国国家留学基金资助项目(201908410072);河南科技大学博士科研启动基金资助项目(4002/13480083)。

摘　　要：稀土永磁材料因其优异的磁性能在传统工业、风力发电和新能源汽车等领域得到广泛应用。但是,稀土永磁材料中金属间化合物的脆性大,导致该材料的力学性能和加工性能差,从而限制了其应用范围。总结了稀土永磁材料塑韧性差的原因和断裂机理,重点阐述了近年来提高其力学性能的方法,主要包括晶粒尺寸及分布优化、基体相强韧化、晶界强韧化,以及降低力学性能的各向异性,概述了稀土永磁材料的加工方法,最后展望了该领域未来的发展方向。Rare earth permanent magnetic materials are widely used in traditional industries,wind power generation and new energy vehicles because of their excellent magnetic properties.However,due to the brittleness of intermetallic compounds,the mechanical properties and machinability of rare earth permanent magnetic materials are poor,which limit their application.The reasons for poor ductility and toughness along with the fracture mechanisms of rare earth permanent magnetic materials are summarized.The methods of improving their mechanical properties in recent years are reviewed,including the optimization of grain size and distribution,the improvement of strength and ductility of the matrix phase,the improvement of strength and ductility of the grain boundary,and the reduction of mechanical property anisotropy.The machining methods of rare earth permanent magnetic materials are described.Finally,a brief prospect for the future development directions of this field is provided.

关 键 词：稀土永磁材料 ND-FE-B磁体 Sm-Co磁体 力学性能 断裂机理 加工方法 

分 类 号：TG146.4[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]