一种多波束水体图像目标综合提取方法  

A Multibeam Target Synthesis Extraction Method for Water Column Image

作　　者：丁德秋 唐秋华 陈建兵 李杰 DING De-qiu;TANG Qiu-hua;CHEN Jian-bing;LI Jie(College of Geodesy and Geomatics, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China;First Institute of Oceanography, MNR, Qingdao 266061, China;Key Laboratory of Marine Surveying and MapPing, MNR, Qingdao 266590, China)

机构地区：[1]山东科技大学测绘与空间信息学院,山东青岛266590 [2]自然资源部第一海洋研究所,山东青岛266061 [3]自然资源部海洋测绘重点实验室,山东青岛266590

出　　处：《海洋科学进展》2021年第4期581-590,共10页Advances in Marine Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目——多波束声呐数据精细处理技术及其在海底形态特征分析中的应用研究(41876111);国家重点研发计划项目——水下参考框架点建设与维护技术(2016YFB0501703)。

摘　　要：随着多波束水体数据在工程建设中的普遍应用,基于水体影像的水下目标识别和探测方法获得了广泛的关注,但波束的旁瓣效应及海洋中的环境噪声干扰都使水体影像受到严重的噪声污染,影像质量不佳导致水下目标边缘轮廓模糊,目标的完整信息获取变得困难。基于科考中获取的EM系列多波束水体数据,从中选取检测到羽状流的多Ping数据,提出一种阈值降噪和形态学检测结合的目标提取方法。分析目标物和噪声的强度差异,根据强度特征,首先使用角度序列阈值参数和整幅图像的逻辑运算抑制旁瓣噪声和大部分背景噪声;然后应用加强图像稀疏性表达的BM3D算法剔除孤立噪点进而达到平滑图像的目的;最后基于多尺度形态学的图像分割得到边缘图像。处理后的水体影像质量得到较大提高,且较为完整地保留了羽状流目标轮廓信息,为后续的目标提取奠定了基础。As the application of multibeam water column data has been confirmed,underwater target recognition based on water column image data and its related detection method has been gained widely attention.However,the side-lobe effect of beam and the ocean ambient noise interference result in the noise pollution of water column image severely.Poor quality in underwater target image makes edge contour fuzzy,which is difficult for acquiring complete information target.Based on EM series multibeam water column data obtained in scientific research,a target extraction method combining threshold denoising and morphological detection was proposed by selecting the multi-Ping data detected by plume.The intensity difference between the object and the noise was analyzed.According to the intensity characteristics,the angle sequence threshold parameters and the whole image logic operation were firstly used to suppress the side-lobes noise and most of the background noise.And then,in order to smooth images,BM3D algorithm was used to eliminate the isolated noises.Finally,image segmentation based on multi-scale morphology was used to obtain the edge image.This method can not only improve the quality of water column image,but also retain the target contour information completely,which lays a foundation for the subsequent target extraction.

关 键 词：多波束水体影像 旁瓣效应 图像逻辑运算 BM3D算法 形态学边缘检测 

分 类 号：P229[天文地球—大地测量学与测量工程]