城市服务多样性与劳动力流动——基于“美团网”大数据和流动人口微观调查的分析  

Urban Service Diversity and Labor Mobility:An Analysis Based on Big Data of Meituan and a Micro Survey of a Floating Population

作　　者：张文武[1] 余泳泽 ZHANG Wenwu;YU Yongze(School of International Economics and Trade,Nanjing University of Finance and Economics)

机构地区：[1]南京财经大学国际经贸学院,江苏南京210023

出　　处：《金融研究》2021年第9期91-110,共20页Journal of Financial Research

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目(20&ZD089);国家自然科学基金面上项目(编号71973060);南京市社科基金项目(21YB09);江苏现代服务业协同创新中心的资助。

摘　　要：新时代背景下人们对美好生活的追求倾向愈加凸显,城市服务的多样性福利将成为吸引劳动力和优化人才结构的重要支撑。本文利用“美团网”生活服务分类和2017年中国流动人口动态监测调查(CMDS)数据,研究城市服务多样性对劳动力流动的影响。结果显示,城市服务多样性会显著降低流动人口的迁出意愿,服务品类多样性每增加1%,劳动力迁出的概率平均约降低3.23%;城市服务多样性的影响具有群体差异性,年轻化、高技能群体的敏感度更高,边际效应可达4.62%和4.03%。考虑调节效应和地区异质性的扩展分析进一步发现,城市信息化、市场化水平对服务品类多样性吸引留住人才具有正向放大作用,尤其是在东部地区和500万人口以上大城市中表现尤为突出。本研究为城市人才吸引和劳动力竞争提供了政策启示。China's economy is entering a new stage of high-quality development,and with the decline of the global demographic dividend and the concurrent release of the regional demographic dividend,the competition between cities for talent and labor forces has gradually become a key focus of the new era.Thus,the study of labor force allocation now focuses on what features are used by cities to attract and retain talent.In China's new urbanization process,people-oriented features are becoming an important part of urban talent attraction and management policies,and urban features that meet consumers'various preferences and personalized needs are gradually becoming an important driver of labor mobility.The production capacity,types,and supply modes of urban services are crucial supports of urban convenience and comfort and provide many ways to improve the welfare of local workers.The increasing demand of cities for labor and the fierce competition between cities to attract talent leads to the following key questions.What role does the diversification and convenience of urban service supply play in labor migration?What kind of talents are attracted and retained by urban service diversity?The answers to these questions will have extensive practical significance and implications.To this end,this study analyzes the effect of urban service diversity on labor mobility from the perspective of comfort and convenience.Thus,an analysis is performed on the data of Meituan,a food-delivery company,and the data from a dynamic monitoring survey of China's floating population in 2017.To deal with the endogeneity problem,the geographical distance between a city and its provincial capital is used as the instrumental variable,and the results confirm that urban service diversity has a significant effect on labor flows.Specifically,a 1%increase in the urban service diversity of a city leads to a 3.23%reduction in the probability that floating population-associated labor will leave that city.That is,if the endogenous problems caused by individual

关 键 词：城市服务多样性 劳动力流动 城市便利 调节效应 

分 类 号：F299.2[经济管理—国民经济] F249.2