美国实质性正当程序中对政府不作为及例外的认定——以朱莉安娜诉美国案等为例  

The Determination of Government Inaction and Exception in the Substantive Due Process of the United States

作　　者：李清宇[1] Li Qingyu

机构地区：[1]兰州大学法学院,甘肃兰州730000

出　　处：《南海法学》2021年第5期1-10,共10页The South China Sea Law Journal

基　　金：兰州大学“中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助”:“裁执分离”模式下司法权与行政权运行问题研究,项目编号:2022018skzy042。

摘　　要：正当程序保护是美国司法体系的支柱性制度,多项涉及公民生命、自由、财产的问题均可能提起正当程序索赔。2015年的"朱莉安娜诉美国案"虽然尚未有最终审判结果,但本案中法院一反对此前类似案件的否定态度,认为稳定的气候系统亦是公民的一项基本权利,政府在环境污染中的不作为属于危险创造例外的情形,应当禁止。通过对美国联邦最高法院一系列案件的梳理后可知,近年来实质性正当程序的保护范围在不断扩大。虽然异议频发,但美国司法审查的触角在社会生活的各个方面有相当延伸,司法能动的作用发挥到了一个新高度。Due process protection is a core system of the American judicial system.Due process claims can be filed on many issues involving citizens′lives,liberties and property.Although the Juliana v.United States of America has not been finalized,the court took a different attitude from that of the previous similar cases.The court confirmed that a stable climate system was also a fundamental right of citizens,and that government inaction on environmental pollution was the"danger creation"exception that should be prohibited.After reviewing a series of cases in the United States Supreme Court,it can be seen that the scope of substantive due process protection has been expanding in recent years.Despite the objections occur frequently,the tentacles of judicial review in the United States have been extended in all aspects of social life,and judicial activism has played a new role.

关 键 词：实质性正当程序 基本权利 政府不作为 正当程序索赔 

分 类 号：D971.2[政治法律—法学] DD911