鸡肠道微生物组成及其影响因素  

The Gut Microbiome in Chickens and Its Influencing Factors

作　　者：黄强 文超良 孙从佼[1] 杨宁[1] HUANG Qiang;WEN Chaoliang;SUN Congjiao;YANG Ning(National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding,College of Animal Science and Technology,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193)

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学动物科技学院,畜禽育种国家工程实验室,北京100193

出　　处：《中国家禽》2021年第8期96-105,共10页China Poultry

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目(31930105);国家现代农业(蛋鸡)产业技术体系专项资金(CARS-40);中国博士后科学基金(2020M680028、2021T140711)。

摘　　要：鸡的消化道内定植着数量庞大且种类丰富的微生物群落,其在饲料消化、营养物质吸收和肠道稳态维持等诸多方面发挥着重要作用。越来越多的研究表明,肠道微生物是一个动态发育的过程,并且不同区段之间的微生物多样性和群落组成也存在一定的差异。深入了解鸡肠道微生物群落的定植发育及其影响因素,将为制定相关措施合理调控肠道菌群、提高鸡生产性能奠定重要理论基础。因此,文章综述鸡肠道微生物的早期定植和演替规律,简述鸡消化道微生物的空间差异,并重点介绍各遗传因素和环境因素对鸡肠道微生物的影响及主要研究进展,以期为肠道微生物功能发掘、调控及其与宿主互作机制相关研究提供借鉴和参考。The gastrointestinal tract of the chicken harbors numerous and diverse types of microorganisms,which play an important role in feed digestion,nutrients absorption and the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis.Accumulating and emerging lines of evidence have revealed that the intestinal microbiota maturation is a dynamic process across.Meanwhile,the diversity and composition of microbiota present a notable variation along the digestive tract.A detailed understanding of the gut microbial colonization and their influencing factors will provide a theoretical basis for regulating gut microbiota,and thus improving the production performance in chickens.In this review,the early colonization and succession of the gut microbiota,as well as the spatial heterogeneity were summarized and the progress of the effects of the various genetic and environmental factors on the gut microbiota were illuminated.This review will provide a reference for exploring the function and regulation of intestinal microbiota and the interaction mechanism between the host and gut microbiota.

关 键 词：鸡 肠道微生物 定植规律 空间差异 遗传因素 环境因素 

分 类 号：S831[农业科学—畜牧学]