设施黄沙基质栽培对草莓生长及产量品质的影响  

Effects of Yellow Sand Substrate Cultivation on Plant Growth and Yield Quality of Facility Strawberry

作　　者：陈亮 杨世梅 栾倩倩 严宗山 王翠丽 王致和 CHEN Liang;YANG Shimei;LUAN Qianqian;YAN Zongshan;WANG Cuili;WANG Zhihe(Gansu Provincial Institute of Agricultural Engineering and Technology,Wuwei,Gansu 733006)

机构地区：[1]甘肃省农业工程技术研究院,甘肃武威733006

出　　处：《北方园艺》2021年第19期61-69,共9页Northern Horticulture

基　　金：甘肃省青年科技基金计划资助项目(20JR5RA067);甘肃省陇原青年创新创业人才(个人)资助项目(甘肃省委组织部:甘组通字[2021]17号);甘肃省科技计划资助项目(18JR2TA008)。

摘　　要：以‘甜查理'和‘红颜’2个设施主栽草莓品种为试材,采用黄沙起垄栽培模式,以传统土壤起垄栽培为对照,建立设施草莓黄沙基质水肥一体化技术体系,研究设施黄沙基质栽培对草莓植株生长、叶片光合特性及果实产量品质的影响,以期为设施土壤连年重茬种植、土传性病害多发引起的连作障碍、草莓产量品质下降等问题提供参考依据。结果表明:以黄沙为栽培基质结合水肥一体化设备栽培草莓,整个生育期内草莓长势良好。在成熟期,2个草莓品种在黄沙栽培条件下的叶片数、叶柄长、地上地下部干鲜质量显著高于土壤栽培;‘甜查理'和‘红颜'草莓叶片的SPAD值均在开花坐果期达到峰值,且黄沙栽培显著高于土壤栽培5.91%和6.83%,在开花坐果期,黄沙栽培的‘甜查理'和‘红颜'草莓叶片净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、胞间CO_(2)浓度(Ci)和蒸腾速率(Tr)均显著高于土壤栽培8.33%、56.52%、5.91%、17.50%和8.49%、54.55%、5.35%、20.62%;从产量品质来看,黄沙栽培的‘甜查理'和‘红颜'草莓果实横径、产量、果实可溶性固性物含量分别较土壤栽培显著增加了28.29%、26.69%、29.82%和26.18%、20.79%、26.02%。综合得出,设施草莓黄沙起垄栽培模式可就地利用黄沙作为栽培基质种植草莓,是一种能够促进草莓植株生长、增产效果较好的设施无土栽培模式,适宜在河西戈壁沙漠区设施草莓高产栽培中推广应用。The main strawberry varieties planted in facilities,‘Tian Chali’and‘Hongyan',were usedas test materials.Yellow sand ridge cultivation mode was used.Taking traditional soil ridge cultivationmode as a control,facility strawberry yellow sand substrate water and fertilizer integrated technicalsystem was established,the effects of yellow sand substrate cultivation on plant growth,leafphotosynthetic characteristics,fruit yield and quality of facility strawberry were studied,in order topovide a reference for questions such as continuous cropping obstacles and decline in strawberry yieldand quality caused by continuous planting of facility soil,soil-borne diseases occur frequently.Theresults showed that with yellow sand as cultivation substrate combined with water and fertilizerintegrated equipment,strawberries grew well throughout the growing period.At maturity,the numberof leaves,petiole length,dry weight and fresh weight of aboveground and underground of the twostrawberry varieties under yellow sand cultivation conditions were significantly higher than that of soilcultivation;the SPAD values of‘Tian Chali’and‘Hongyan’strawberry leaves both peaked at theflowering and fruiting stage,and yellow sand cultivation was significantly higher than soil cultivationby 5.91%and 6.83%,during the flowering and fruit setting period,the net photosynthetic rate(Pn),stomatal conductance(Gs),intercellular CO concentration(Ci)and transpiration rate(Tr)of thestrawberry leaves of‘Tian Chali’and‘Hongyan’cultivated by yellow sand cultivation weresignificantly higher than that of soil cultivation by 8.33%,56.52%,5.91%,17.50%and 8.49%,54.55%,5.35%,20.62%;from the perspective of yield and quality,compared with soil cultivation,thefruit diameter,yield and soluble solid content of the strawberry fruits of‘Tian Chali’and'Hongyan’cultivated by yellow sand were significantly increased by 28.29%,26.69%,29.82%and 26.18%,20.79%,26.02%.It could be concluded that the ridged cultivation model of facility yellow sand could use ye

关 键 词：沙漠农业 黄沙栽培 草莓 光合特性 产量品质 

分 类 号：S668.4[农业科学—果树学]