新冠疫情前和疫情期间岳阳市区大气环境分析  

The Influence of the COVID-19 on the Change of Atmospheric Environment in Yueyang

作　　者：黄菊梅 杨伟 蒋帅 侯婧男 何筱仙 HUANG Jumei;YANG Wei;JIANG Shuai;HOU Jingnan;HE Xiaoxian(Yueyang Meteorological Bureau,Yueyang 414000,China;Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster Prevention and Reduction,Changsha 410119,China;Linxiang Meteorological Bureau,Linxiang 414300,China)

机构地区：[1]岳阳市气象局,岳阳414000 [2]气象防灾减灾湖南省重点实验室,长沙410119 [3]临湘市气象局,湖南临湘414300

出　　处：《环境科学与技术》2021年第5期154-161,共8页Environmental Science & Technology

基　　金：湖南省气象局环境气象创新团队资助(湘气预函[2021]11号)。

摘　　要：文章利用冬季空气质量指数、大气污染物浓度、气溶胶质量浓度、降水pH值以及地面气象要素、NCEP、ERSSTV3、GBL等资料,对岳阳市区新冠疫情前和疫情期间以及历史同期大气环境的变化进行对比,并对2次气溶胶质量浓度增长过程的气流后向轨迹及边界层扩散条件进行了分析。结果表明:疫情期间除O_(3)外,其他污染物浓度均减小,且空气质量明显提升。主要是PM_(10)、PM_(2.5)、NO_(2)浓度历史罕见减小导致的。疫情前和疫情期间酸雨频率基本相当,降水的酸性强度均为历史最弱。疫情期间气温明显偏高且偏东北风频率减小而偏南风频率增大、偏南风风速增大。疫情前气溶胶质量浓度增长过程中2支气流均来源于北方并以回流的方式从偏南方向影响岳阳,而疫情期间一支气流来源于北方而另一支气流来自海上。气溶胶质量浓度低、外源输送弱且输送时间短等使得疫情期间气溶胶质量浓度增长过程中污染程度较轻。近地层偏东北风频率减小而偏南风频率增大导致疫情期间气溶胶质量浓度增长幅度较疫情前偏小。Using the data of winter air quality index,the concentration of atmospheric pollutants,aerosol mass concentration,precipitation,NCEP,p H value and ground meteorological elements,ERSSTV3,GBL,the changes of atmospheric environment in Yueyang before and during COVID-19 as well as the historical period were compared,the backward trajectory and boundary layer diffusion conditions of the two aerosol mass concentrations were analyzed.The results show that,except for O_(3),the concentration of other pollutants decreases during the epidemic period,and the significant improvement of air quality is mainly caused by the historic reduction of PM_(10),PM_(2.5)and NO_(2)concentrations.The frequency of acid rain before and during the epidemic was basically the same,and the acid intensity of precipitation was the weakest in history.During the epidemic period,the temperature was significantly higher and the frequency of northeast wind decreased,while the frequency of south wind increased and the wind speed of south wind increased.In the process of increasing aerosol mass concentration before the epidemic,two airstreams originated from the north and affected Yueyang from the south in the way of backflow,while one airstream originated from the north and the other from the sea during the epidemic.The low aerosol mass concentration,weak exogenous transportation and short transportation time made the pollution degree of aerosol mass concentration increase less during the epidemic period.The decrease of northeasterly wind frequency and the increase of southerly wind frequency resulted in a smaller increase in aerosol mass concentration during the epidemic period than before.

关 键 词：新冠疫情 空气质量指数 大气污染物浓度 气溶胶质量浓度 后向轨迹 气象因素 

分 类 号：X51[环境科学与工程—环境工程]