春玉米田土壤特性对生物炭调控的响应机制  

RESPONSE MECHANISM OF SOIL CHARACTERISTICS TO BIO-CHAR REGULATION IN SPRING MAIZE FIELD

作　　者：李建荣 孙继颖[1] 高聚林[1] 刘剑 王志刚[1] 于晓芳[1] 胡树平[2] 孟繁昊 LI Jianrong;SUN Jiying;GAO Julin;LIU Jian;WANG Zhigang;YU Xiaofang;HU Shuping;MENG Fanhao(College of Agronomy,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot 010019,Chiina;Vocational and Technical College,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Baotou 014109,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农业大学农学院,呼和浩特010019 [2]内蒙古农业大学职业技术学院,包头014109

出　　处：《内蒙古农业大学学报（自然科学版）》2021年第5期7-15,共9页Journal of Inner Mongolia Agricultural University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家重点研发计划课题(2017YFD0300802);国家自然科学基金项目课题(31360304);农业部华北黄土高原地区作物栽培科学观测实验站(25204120);国家玉米产业技术体系(CARS-02-63)。

摘　　要：针对内蒙古平原灌区春玉米田耕层变浅,土壤紧实,容重增加,活土层变少,影响土壤贮水能力及春玉米生长发育等问题,本试验采用裂区试验设计方法,设置4个生物炭施用水平及3个氮肥施用水平,对春玉米田土壤物理性状、春玉米生长发育指标及产量指标进行了比较研究,以探究春玉米田土壤物理性状及春玉米生长发育对生物炭及氮肥调控的响应机制。试验结果表明:土壤中添加生物炭增大了土壤含水量,适量生物炭施用量8 t/hm^(2)可以有效提高0~20 cm土层的土壤含水量;生物炭有效降低土壤容重,土壤容重较对照分别减少5.52%、10.50%、11.05%;适量的生物炭施用量在低氮处理下干物质积累量增加明显,适量施氮水平下增加显著,而高氮水平下变现为一定的抑制作用;而合理的生物炭施用量可有效提高玉米产量,施用8 t/hm^(2)的生物炭及150 kg/hm^(2)的氮肥,此处理较对照增产幅度最大,为27.36%。由此可见:施用生物炭可起到改善土壤物理性状的作用。从改良土壤物理结构的角度来看,生物炭还田改土效果显著。同时,生物炭能够促进玉米苗期的生长,促进吐丝期及成熟期干物质的积累,进一步使玉米产量显著提高。根据本试验结果,推荐最适宜内蒙古平原灌区的生物炭及氮肥施用组合C8N150。The spring maize fields in the irrigated area of Inner Mongolia Plain have problems such as shallower arable layer,compaction soil,increased bulk density,and less active soil layer,which affect the soil water storage capacity and spring maize growth and development.In order to explore the spring maize field soil physical properties and the response mechanism of the spring maize and development of bio-char and nitrogen regulation,the split plot experiment design method was designed,and four bio-char application levels and three nitrogen fertilization levels were set.The spring maize field soil physical properties,growth indexes,and spring maize yield indexes were compared.The results showed that the addition of the bio-char to the soil increased the soil water content.An appropriate amount of bio char with the application of 8 t/hm^(2) could effectively increase the soil water content in the soil layer of 0-20 cm.The bio char effectively reduced the soil bulk density by 5.52%,10.50%,and 11.05%,respectively,compared with the control groups.Under the low nitrogen treatment,the amount of bio char increased significantly in dry matter accumulation,especially under the moderate nitrogen treatment,but the inhibitory effects showed up,under the high nitrogen treatment.The reasonable application amount of bio char could effectively increase the maize yield,the increases of the arrived the maximum value by 27.36%compared with the control group,with the application of bio char of 8 t/hm^(2) and nitrogen fertilizer of 150 kg/hm^(2).It could be concluded the application of bio char could improve the soil physical properties.From the perspective of improving the soil physical structure,the effect of returning the bio char to fields and soil was significant.The bio char could promote the maize growth in the seedling stage,promote the accumulation of dry matter in the silking and mature stages,further significantly increasing the yield of maize.According to the experiment results,the most suitable combination of the bio char and

关 键 词：土壤特性 生物炭 玉米 产量 响应机制 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]