中医学在疫病防控中的作用与贡献  

The Contribution of Chinese Medicine in Prevention and Control of Epidemics

作　　者：纪鹏程 李爽[2] 谢院生 JI Pengcheng;LI Shuang;XIE Yuansheng(Chinese PLA Medical School,Beijing,100853;Department of Nephrology,First Medical Center,Chinese PLA General Hospital,State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases)

机构地区：[1]解放军医学院,北京市海淀区100853 [2]解放军总医院第一医学中心肾脏病医学部/肾脏疾病国家重点实验室

出　　处：《中医杂志》2021年第20期1749-1755,共7页Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(81774027);国家重点研发计划(2016YFC0901502)。

摘　　要：疫病具有强烈传染性、流行性与危害性。在与疫病的斗争过程中,中医学对疫病的认识及防控逐渐形成体系,即疫病的命名包括传染性、病因、病机和临床表现四个维度;病因与发病机制涉及异常气候、正气不足和疫疠之气侵袭三个方面;传播途径有经"经络"与经"口鼻"两种途径;诊断方法包括流行病学、症状体征和疗效反证三条线索;治则治法经历了广义伤寒、热病、瘟疫、温病和专病五个阶段;方药有对病、对阶段、对症的三类"专方专药"。中医学对疫病防控的三大措施为切断传播途径、改善医疗和公共卫生条件及采取预防接种控制疫病流行。认为中医学防疫思想和措施对现代传染病防控具有重要的借鉴和参考价值。Epidemic diseases are highly contagious,prevalent,and can cause damages.In combat with theepidemics,traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)has gradually established its knowledge as well as prevention andcontrol system on epidemics,mainly including infectivity,etiology,pathogenesis and clinical manifestations.The eti-ology and pathogenesis involve three aspects,i.e.abnormal climate,insufficiency of healthy qi and the invasion ofpestilence qi.It can be transmitted either through"channels and collaterals"or through"mouth and nose".Epidemio-logical characteristics,clinical symptoms and signs,and treatment effectivess refelection are taken as clues for diagno-sis.Therapeutic principle and method have experienced five stages from generalized cold damage,febrile disease,pestilence,warm disease,to specific disease.There are three types of specific prescriptions in correspondence to thespecific disease,stage,and symptom,respectively.The commonly used TCM therapies has been summarized includ-ing to cut off the transmission routes,to improve the medical and public health conditions,and to take vaccination toprevent from the disease.The thoughts and measures of TCM are of important value for the prevention and control ofmodern infectious diseases.

关 键 词：中医学 疫病 传染性疾病 新型冠状病毒肺炎 防控措施 

分 类 号：R211[医药卫生—中医学]