量子微波及其接收方法综述  

Review of Quantum Microwave and Its Receiving

作　　者：粟栗 周子恒 徐忻怡 李曙光 延英 SU Li;ZHOU Zi-heng;XU Xin-yi;LI Shu-guang;YAN Ying(Soochow University,Suzhou 215006,China;Shanghai Aerospace and Electronic Technology Institute,Shanghai 201109,China)

机构地区：[1]苏州大学,江苏苏州215006 [2]上海航天电子技术研究所,上海201109

出　　处：《量子光学学报》2021年第3期253-266,共14页Journal of Quantum Optics

基　　金：苏州大学大学生课外学术科研基金(KY20200066A)。

摘　　要：量子微波兼具量子信号的量子特性以及微波频段信号的中远距离传播的能力,在通信、雷达、导航和定位等诸多方面具有广阔的应用前景.本文针对目前在量子微波接收方面的研究相对较少的现状,总结和分析了量子微波的特性及其接收方法.首先,介绍微波单光子、纠缠微波光子对以及压缩态和纠缠态微波场的特性和制备方法;然后,重点梳理和总结量子微波在量子雷达以及相关物理系统中的接收方法、检测方法、和研究现状;最后,指出量子微波接收技术中存在接收端探测信号较弱、微波频段量子纠缠态检测技术不够成熟,以及量子检测算符有待进一步最优化等问题.针对这些问题,梳理了几种降低接收端的噪声,提高探测信号的信噪比,以及基于纠缠见证的路径纠缠微波检测方案,从而完成了量子微波从制备到接收的一个完整链路的梳理工作,希望能为量子微波发射和接收系统技术的发展提供一些参考.Quantum microwave has both the quantum characteristics of the quantum signal and the ability of long-distance propagation in free space.It has extensive applications in various fields,such as communication,radar,navigation and positioning.This article summarized and analyzed the characteristics of quantum microwave and its receiving methods in light of the relatively less research on the reception of quantum microwave at present.We started from introducing the characteristics and preparation methods of single microwave photon,entangled microwave photon pairs,and squeezed state or entangled state microwave fields.We then introduced the receiving principle and detection methods of quantum microwave,and particularly paid intensive attention on the current status and existing problems in both the quantum radar and other physical systems.The main problems include:the signal strength is rather weak at the receiver;the detection technique for the microwave entangled state is not mature enough;and the optimal detection operator is to be further optimized,etc.For this,we summarized and analyzed the potential strategies of lowering down the noise in the receiver to improve the signal to noise ratio,and the path entanglement microwave detection approach based on the entanglement witness.Thus,a closed path is completed starting from the preparation and generation until the receiving of the quantum microwave.We hope that this review can provide some support for the development of quantum systems on the microwave transmitting and receiving technology.

关 键 词：量子微波 量子微波雷达 回波接收 微波单光子 纠缠光子对 压缩态 纠缠态微波场 

分 类 号：N92[自然科学总论] O431[机械工程—光学工程]