大学生的主观阶层定位及其影响因素  

College students'subjective class positioning and its influencing factors

作　　者：陈友庆[1] 许江 王文娟 CHEN Youqing;XU Jiang;WANG Wenjuan(Institute of Education and Psychology, School of Public Administration, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, Jiangsu Province, China)

机构地区：[1]河海大学公共管理学院教育与心理研究所,中国南京210098

出　　处：《教育生物学杂志》2021年第5期353-357,共5页Journal of Bio-education

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目(12JJD190003);江苏高校哲学社会科学研究项目(2017SJBFDY206)。

摘　　要：目的了解大学生的主观阶层定位和阶层流动信心,探索其影响因素。方法采用自编问卷对2266名在校大学生展开调查,其中自变量主要包括家庭经济地位、社会状况感知、个人希望感3个维度,因变量为主观阶层定位,使用SPSS 20.0软件进行统计学分析。结果多数大学生当下的阶层定位集中于社会中层及中下层,而10年后的阶层定位多集中于社会中层及中上层,阶层流动信心表现为以向上的中短距离流动为主。大学生的家庭收入水平越高,其主观阶层定位就越高,阶层流动信心也越强。大学生感知到的贫富分化程度越高,其当下的阶层定位越低;感知到的阶层分化的程度越高,其10年后阶层定位越低。大学生的个人希望感越高,其阶层定位越高,且阶层流动信心越强。结论大学生多将当前阶层定位于社会中层及中下层;阶层流动信心的主要方向是向上流动,且以中短距离流动为主。家庭收入水平、贫富分化感知、阶层分化感知、个人希望感是主观阶层定位的重要影响因素。Objective To investigate college students'subjective class orientation and confidence in class mobility,and explore its influencing factors.Methods A self-designed questionnaire was used to investigate 2266 college students,in which the independent variables mainly included three dimensions:family economic status,social status perception,and personal sense of hope,while the dependent variable was subjective class orientation.SPSS 20.0 software was used to analyze the data.Results Most college students'current class orientation was concentrated in the middle and lower classes of society,while ten years later,their class orientation would be mostly concentrated in the middle and upper classes of society.The confidence of class mobility was mainly based on upward short-distance mobility.In higher income families,college students had higher subjective class position and stronger class mobility confidence.With lower current class positioning,college students perceived higher degree of differentiation between the rich and the poor.With higher perceived degree of class differentiation,college students would have lower class positioning 10 years later.With higher sense of personal hope,college students had higher class positioning and stronger confidence in class mobility.Conclusion College students tend to position the current class in the middle and lower classes of society.The main direction of class mobility confidence is upward mobility,and the short-and medium-distance mobility are the main ones.Family income level,perception of wealth differentiation,perception of class differentiation,and personal hope are important influencing factors for subjective class positioning.

关 键 词：主观阶层定位 阶层流动信心 社会分层 大学生 

分 类 号：G64[文化科学—高等教育学]