“X不是/没有”的假设表义功能  

The Hypothetical Semantic Funcitions of“X bushi/meiyou”

作　　者：张雪平[1] ZHANG Xue-ping(Henan University,Kaifeng,Henan 475001)

机构地区：[1]河南大学文学院/语言科学与语言规划研究所,河南开封475001

出　　处：《汉语学习》2021年第5期24-32,共9页Chinese Language Learning

基　　金：河南省哲学社会科学规划项目“现代汉语非典型假设句的结构和功能研究”(项目编号:2020BYY001)。

摘　　要："X不是/没有"是"如果、要"等假设连词与"不是/没有"连用而形成的连词化词语或词连。由在不同语义假设句中的语用分布得知,"X不是/没有"主要表反事实假设,较少表可能假设,其表义功能与假设连词大致互补。本文通过语料分析与统计证明:"要不是"是典型反事实假设标记;"假如不是、若不是"是比较典型的反事实假设标记,"若非"、其他"X不是"和"X没有"也倾向表反事实假设。它们标记反事实假设的功能强弱为:要不是>假如不是>若不是>若非>其他"X不是">X没有。否定式假设成分"X不是/没有"的反事实假设表义倾向与反事实假设句的语义内涵、说话人的认知心理等都密切相关。"X bushi/meiyou"are conjunctions or linear words through hypothetical conjunctions which is"ruguo,yao"and"bushi/meiyou"are used continuously.Their hypothetical function is complementary to the hypothetical conjunction.They mainly express counterfactual hypothesis,and less possible counterfactual,but don’t express realistic and virtual hypothesis.The statistical results of examples in this paper can prove that"Yaobushi"is a full-time counterfactual hypothesis marker,"jiarubushi,ruobushi"are more typical,"ruofei"and else"X bushi/meiyou"also express counterfactual hypothetical meaning.Their functional strength and weakness of marking counterfactual hypothesis that is:yaobushi>jiarubushi>ruobushi>ruofei>else"X bushi">X meiyou.The semantic tendency of the counterfactual hypothesis of the negative hypothesis component"X bushi/meiyou"that is closely related to the semantic connotation of the counterfactual hypothetical sentence and the speaker’s cognitive psychology.

关 键 词：“X不是/没有” 假设句 表义功能 反事实假设 

分 类 号：H146.3[语言文字—汉语]